Neurologijos seminarai
type: channel
description: Founded in 1997. Publishes articles on the aetiopathogenesis, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive advances in neurological, neurosurgical and related diseases.
publisher: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla / Vilnius University Press
language: en
publication name: Neurologijos seminarai
issn: 1392-3064
items: Cognitive Impairment in Heart Failure: Unraveling the Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Diagnostics and Therapeutic Strategies
items: Review of Prognostic Testing for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia
items: Multiple Sclerosis: The Disease and its Association with Changes in the Gut Microbiota
items: The Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Eating Disorders: Appetite Regulation and Neurobiological Mechanisms
items: Editorial Board and Table of Contents
items: Complicated Diagnosis and Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Five-Year Follow-up
items: Perception of Nervous System Physiology in “Theory of Organic Beings” by Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768–1838)
items: Surgical Management of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy through Corpus Callosotomy: Case Report and Literature Review
items: Radiological Imaging Findings of Perineural Spread in Head-and-Neck Malignancies: Literature Review
items: Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness
items: Cognitive Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients
items: Neurological Manifestations, Diagnostics, and Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Literature Review
items: The Role of Orthostatic Hypotension in the Development of Nocturia in Parkinson’s Disease
items: First international Vilnius neuroscience conference for young researchers, 2025. Abstract book
items: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report
items: Role of SWI in Identifying Microhemorrhages in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
items: Ageing and multiple sclerosis
items: The Relationship between Mental and Sleep Disorders: A Literature Review
items: Changes in Headaches Characteristics during Pregnancy
items: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Outcomes Based on the Treatment Initiation Stage: A Systematic Literature Review
items: Adrenoleukodystrophy: Symptoms, Treatment and Newborn Screening. Literature Review and Clinical Case
items: Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide for Medication Overuse Headache in Migraine Patients: Literature Review
items: Treatment Tactics for Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: A Literature Review
items: The Use of Cannabinoids to Treat Insomnia
items: Humour Runs through the Multicoloured Mosaic of Neuropsychotherapy: Scoping Review
items: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Report
items: Fatal Pontine and Extrapontine Myelinolysis after Severe Hyponatremia Correction: A Case Report

Cognitive Impairment in Heart Failure: Unraveling the Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Diagnostics and Therapeutic Strategies
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The article analyzes the link between heart failure (HF) and cognitive impairment (CI), emphasizing that about one-third of patients with HF experience some degree of cognitive decline. The main mechanism behind the development of CI is reduced cerebral blood flow, although inflammatory, neurohumoral, metabolic, and structural changes in the brain are also important. CI worsens treatment adherence in HF patients and increases the risk of hospitalization and mortality. Diagnostic tools include neuropsychological tests, imaging studies and biomarkers. Treatment should be comprehensive – incorporating both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. The article highlights that successful care for these patients requires collaboration between cardiologists and neurologists to improve cognitive function and overall health.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cognitive impairment (CI)
  topic: keywords
subject: heart failure (HF)
  topic: keywords
subject: cerebral blood flow
  topic: keywords
creator: Domantas Jakubauskas
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 273
ending page: 280
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.6

Review of Prognostic Testing for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are neurodegenerative diseases with distinc clinical presentation, but interconnected with each other. Frontotemporal dementia most often presents as behavioural or speech impairment, whereas amyotrophic lateral sclerosis presents as progressive weakness of voluntary muscles. <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">C9orf72 <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">repeat expansion<em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weigh…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: prognostic genetic testing
  topic: keywords
subject: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  topic: keywords
subject: frontotemporal dementia
  topic: keywords
subject: C9orf72 repeat expansion
  topic: keywords
creator: Donata Pakeltytė
creator: Birutė Burnytė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 238
ending page: 244
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.3

Multiple Sclerosis: The Disease and its Association with Changes in the Gut Microbiota
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">The human gut microbiota influences the host’s health through various physiological mechanisms. It interacts with the immune system by modulating the activity of T and B lymphocytes and other immune cells. A balanced microbiota maintains the intestinal barrier function by preserving intestinal mucosa’s integrity and preventing invasions of pathogens. Conversely, an imbalance in gut microbial content, known as dysbiosis, may promote pro-inflammatory immune responses associated with the pathogenesis of various autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases.<br style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: multiple sclerosis
  topic: keywords
subject: gut microbiota
  topic: keywords
subject: bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: gut-brain axis
  topic: keywords
subject: blood-brain barrier
  topic: keywords
creator: Akvilė Bružaitė
creator: Alvita Vilkevičiūtė
creator: Renata Balnytė
creator: Agnė Giedraitienė
creator: Rasa Liutkevičienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 229
ending page: 237
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.2

The Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Eating Disorders: Appetite Regulation and Neurobiological Mechanisms
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Valgymo sutrikimai, tokie kaip nervinė anoreksija, nervinė bulimija ir persivalgymo sutrikimas, dažnai siejami su neurobiologinėmis disfunkcijomis, įskaitant dopamino ir atlygio sistemų pokyčius. Naujausi tyrimai rodo, kad GLP-1 receptorių agonistai (GLP-1RA) gali turėti terapinį poveikį ne tik metaboliniams, bet ir psichologiniams sutrikimams. GLP-1 reguliuoja gliukozės apykaitą, slopina apetitą ir veikia dopamino signalų perdavimą atlygio sistemose, o tai gali padėti mažinti persivalgymo epizodus. Tyrimai rodo, kad GLP-1RA gali sumažinti su stresu susijusį valgymą, nes veikia pagumburio-hipofizės-antinksčių ašį ir mažina nerimo sukeltą kompulsinį maisto vartojimą. Klinikiniuose tyrimuose pastebėta, kad semaglutidas ir liraglutidas veiksmingai mažina persivalgymo simptomus ir potraukį kaloringam maistui. GLP-1RA poveikis persivalgymo sutrikimui buvo reikšmingesnis nei tradicinių vaistų, tokių kaip SSRI, topiramatas ar lizdeksamfetaminas, tačiau jų ilgalaikis poveikis dar nėra pakankamai ištirtas. Nors ir duoda teigiamų rezultatų, GLP-1RA gali sukelti šalutinius poveikius, įskaitant virškinimo sutrikimus, hipoglikemiją ir galimus psichikos būklės pokyčius. Būsimi tyrimai turėtų įvertinti jų ilgalaikį poveikį ir galimą derinimą su kitais gydymo metodais, pavyzdžiui, kognityvine elgesio terapija.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: GLP-1 receptor agonists
  topic: keywords
subject: eating disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: dopamine system
  topic: keywords
subject: appetite regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: stress-induced eating
  topic: keywords
creator: Julija Blažytė
creator: Robertas Strumila
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 219
ending page: 228
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.1

Editorial Board and Table of Contents
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 4

Complicated Diagnosis and Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Five-Year Follow-up
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">A 68-year-old male started experiencing a localized headache in the left temporal region, which later spread to the right side. Initially, his symptoms were nonspecific; therefore, he visited several neurologists and was diagnosed with cephalgia. However, the symptoms progressed, the pain spread to the temporomandibular joints, and problems with chewing and swallowing developed. One month later, the patient noticed a subfebrile fever, as well as a severe headache and swelling of the eyes; consequently, he was admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine. An increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were established. Color-coded duplex sonography revealed the concentric hypoechoic thickness of the walls in both superficial temporal arteries with increased blood flow velocities. The temporal arteries were very rigid and painful; therefore, it was difficult to perform an ultrasound examination. Subsequently, giant cell arteritis was diagnosed. The patient received an intravenous course of methylprednisolone, followed by prednisolone and methotrexate tablets.<br style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-st…
subject: Case Reports
  topic: section
subject: giant cell arteritis
  topic: keywords
subject: temporal arteritis
  topic: keywords
subject: headache
  topic: keywords
subject: ultrasound
  topic: keywords
subject: color-coded duplex sonography
  topic: keywords
creator: Ieva Lukauskaitė
creator: Jurgita Valaikienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 207
ending page: 213
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.101.7

Perception of Nervous System Physiology in “Theory of Organic Beings” by Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768–1838)
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768–1838) was a graduate of the universities of Krakow and Pavia, a professor of chemistry at Vilnius University, a prominent Vilnius physician, one of the founders of the Vilnius Medical Society, and the editor of the scientific and cultural journal <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Dziennik Wileński<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">. He was also the author of many publications, including the three-volume treatise <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal…
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Andrius Sniadeckis
  topic: keywords
subject: organinių būtybių teorija
  topic: keywords
subject: nervų sistema
  topic: keywords
subject: fiziologija
  topic: keywords
subject: devynioliktas amžius
  topic: keywords
creator: Gražina Matulaitytė
creator: Eglė Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 192
ending page: 206
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.101.6

Surgical Management of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy through Corpus Callosotomy: Case Report and Literature Review
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Corpus callosotomy is a palliative surgical procedure used for a selected group of patients with <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Drug-Resistant Epilepsy<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1"> (DRE) when antiepileptic drugs fail to achieve seizure control. While it significantly reduces seizure frequency, it does not cure epilepsy. In this article, we present the case of a 45-year-old man with DRE unresponsive to pharmacological treatment, who underwent a complete corpus callosotomy. Postoperatively, seizure frequency decreased by 80%, and functional independence improved…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: drug-resistant epilepsy
  topic: keywords
subject: corpus callosotomy
  topic: keywords
subject: seizure reduction
  topic: keywords
subject: epilepsy surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: neurostimulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Nikolė Bolzan
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 185
ending page: 191
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.5

Radiological Imaging Findings of Perineural Spread in Head-and-Neck Malignancies: Literature Review
type: item
description: <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Perineural Spread<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1"> (PNS) is a critical mechanism of tumor progression in head and neck malignancies, often remaining clinically undetected until the advanced stages. Given its significant implications for treatment planning and patient prognosis, early and accurate diagnosis through radiological assessment is essential. This literature review explores the epidemiology, clinical significance, diagnostic modalities, and, in particular, the radiological characteristics of PNS. <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Magnetic Resonance Imaging<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Head-and-neck tumors
  topic: keywords
subject: perineural tumor spread
  topic: keywords
subject: perineural invasion
  topic: keywords
subject: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) computed tomography (CT)
  topic: keywords
subject: positron emission tomography (PET)
  topic: keywords
creator: Lukas Kalytis
creator: Jurgita Ušinskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 171
ending page: 184
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.101.4

Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a common cause of dizziness and vertigo. This term was first described fairly recently by the International Classification of Vestibular Disorders in 2017. The symptoms include unsteadiness, vertigo or dizziness, lasting at least 15 days per month for 3 months or longer. The symptoms are exacerbated by upright posture, standing, walking or in the presence of various visual stimuli. The cause of this disorder is still unknown, although it is believed that it is related with the discoordination of the peripheral sensory and the central nervous systems. The onset of dizziness has been explained as the result of failure of integrating visual, vestibular and proprioreceptive signals into the central nervous system. The symptoms are often succeeding a previous vestibular disorder, e.g. vestibular neuronitis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière’s disease or other disorders. Psychological factors also play a part in the onset of PPPD – patients quite frequently present a history of anxiety, neurotic tendencies and depression. PPPD diagnosis is clinical, a thorough anamnesis and clinical examination are crucial. In order to diagnose PPPD correctly, a set of all five criteria, established by the Bárány society, should be met. The treatment is usually multimodal, consisting of vestibular rehabilitation, cognitive behaviour therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibit…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: PPPD
  topic: keywords
subject: CBT
  topic: keywords
subject: SSRI
  topic: keywords
subject: SNRI
  topic: keywords
creator: Ieva Baužaitė
creator: Viktorija Navickaitė
creator: Antanas Vaitkus
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 164
ending page: 170
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.101.3

Cognitive Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a rare, progressive, X-linked recessive disorder, characterized by impaired synthesis of the protein dystrophin. Motor symptoms in boys typically emerge within the first year of life, followed by progressive cardiac involvement. In recent years, an increasing body of research has highlighted the role of dystrophin in brain development and function, with notable impacts on cognitive performance and language development. It has been observed that boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are frequently diagnosed with intellectual impairment, verbal memory impairment, learning and reading difficulties. Among the earliest developmental concerns, often, a language delay is manifested. Increasing evidence supports a link between the absence of specific dystrophin isoforms and intellectual disabilities. Mutations in the distal regions of the dystrophin gene, affecting isoforms such as Dp140 or Dp71, are associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment and more severe intellectual disability. This paper provides a literature review on cognitive function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  topic: keywords
subject: cognitive function
  topic: keywords
subject: intellectual impairment
  topic: keywords
creator: Viktorija Urbanovič
creator: Jurgita Grikinienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 157
ending page: 163
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.101.2

Neurological Manifestations, Diagnostics, and Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Literature Review
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Giant cell (temporal) arteritis is the most common primary systemic vasculitis. The main manifestation of this disease is new onset headache affecting people over 50 years old with an increased erythrocytes sedimentation rate (≥50mm/h). Other non-specific symptoms can include fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, jaw pain and polymyalgia. The progression of the disease can lead to temporary or permanent monocular blindness due to retinal artery lesion and circulation problems. Later, the cerebral arteries can also be damaged, leading to stroke, more often in the posterior circulation.<br style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoratio…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: giant cell arteritis
  topic: keywords
subject: vasculitis
  topic: keywords
subject: temporal arteries
  topic: keywords
subject: sonography
  topic: keywords
subject: headache
  topic: keywords
creator: Ieva Lukauskaitė
creator: Dalius Jatužis
creator: Jurgita Valaikienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 145
ending page: 156
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.101.1

Editorial Board and Table of Contents
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 4
doi: 10.15388/

The Role of Orthostatic Hypotension in the Development of Nocturia in Parkinson’s Disease
type: item
description: <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Background. Parkinson‘s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder where one of the most common non-motor symptoms is nocturnal urination, also known as nocturia. It can be caused by sleep disturbances, increased urine production and impaired urine storage. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system, such as orthostatic hypotension (OH), may also contribute to nocturia. The aim of this review article is to assess the association between nocturia and OH in PL and to discuss possible diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Materials and methods. A non-systematic review of the scientific literature was performed. Publications were retrieved by PubMed search engine using keywords and their combinations The non-systematic literature review included publications published in 2016–2025. Results. Nocturia is one of the frequently occurring non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, significantly impairing patients’ sleep quality and overall well-being. Its causes are related to increased urine production and storage disorders; however, increasing attention …
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nocturia
  topic: keywords
subject: Parkinson’s disease
  topic: keywords
subject: orthostatic hypotension
  topic: keywords
creator: Deimantė Košytė
creator: Jolita Čičelienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Deimantė Košytė | Jolita Čičelienė https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 281
ending page: 287
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.7

First international Vilnius neuroscience conference for young researchers, 2025. Abstract book
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-07
publication date: 2025-05-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.15388/NS.2025.Supplement

Editorial Board and Table of Contents
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 79
ending page: 82

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report
type: item
description: <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1"> (NMOSD) is a rare inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system affecting the optic nerves and the spinal cord. Diagnosis of NMOSD is based on the Diagnostic Criteria of the <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">International Panel for NMOSD diagnosis<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacin…
subject: Case Reports
  topic: section
subject: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
  topic: keywords
subject: aquaporin-4 antibodies
  topic: keywords
creator: Paulius Sėdžius
creator: Gintarė Šataitė
creator: Rymantė Gleiznienė
creator: Dalia Musneckienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 134
ending page: 139
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.100.7

Role of SWI in Identifying Microhemorrhages in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a prevalent neurological condition which can result in long-term cognitive and functional impairments, often linked to microhemorrhages and subtle bleeding that may not be visible when using the conventional imaging techniques, such as CT or standard MRI. <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Susceptibility Weighted Imaging<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1"> (SWI) has emerged as a valuable tool for detecting these subtle abnormalities due to its enhanced sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility differences. This literature review explore…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI)
  topic: keywords
subject: mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)
  topic: keywords
subject: microhemorrhages cerebral microbleeds (CMBs)
  topic: keywords
subject: raumatic microbleeds (TMBs)
  topic: keywords
subject: quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)
  topic: keywords
subject: post-concussive syndrome (PPCS)
  topic: keywords
creator: Lukas Kalytis
creator: Jūratė Dementavičienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 100
ending page: 107
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.100.3

Ageing and multiple sclerosis
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Advances in the treatment of multiple sclerosis in recent decades have allowed an increasing number of people to reach advanced age without significant disability. Most disease-modifying drugs are designed to suppress active inflammation and reduce the risk of relapses; however, as patients age, the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease change, and progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) begins to prevail. The prolonged duration of drug-induced immunosuppression, combined with age-related comorbidities, may lead to adverse effects. In this article, we review age-related changes in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and the associated treatment challenges.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: multiple sclerosis
  topic: keywords
subject: disease-modifying therapies
  topic: keywords
subject: aging
  topic: keywords
creator: Julija Isačenko
creator: Renata Balnytė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 92
ending page: 99
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.100.2

The Relationship between Mental and Sleep Disorders: A Literature Review
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Even in ancient times, it was understood that rest and sleep are vital processes, as essential as breathing, eating, and other bodily functions. However, only in recent decades science has demonstrated that sleep is an active process involving neuronal network stabilization, restoration of brain and whole-body energy reserves, proper protein structure formation, promotion of macromolecule synthesis, processing and long-term retention of information, emotional regulation, reduction of oxidative stress-induced cellular damage, regulation of immune responses, and the clearance of toxic metabolites and protein degradation products. In cases of mental and sleep disorders, these processes are disrupted. The aim of this review article is to analyze the relationship between sleep and mental disorders, while focusing on different groups of psychiatric conditions. We also discuss the comorbidity of sleep and mental disorders, explore how sleep disturbances may trigger relapses or worsen psychiatric symptoms, and characterize core changes in sleep architecture for various mental disorders. Additionally, we review the effects of psychotropic medications on sleep, therapeutic considerations for their usage, and present combined psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment strategies that can optimize the treatment outcomes for both sleep and mental disorders.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: mental disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: sleep disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: polysomnography
  topic: keywords
subject: psychotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: medications
  topic: keywords
creator: Eglė Sakalauskaitė - Juodeikienė
creator: Algis Jaraminas
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Eglė Sakalauskaitė - Juodeikienė | Algis Jaraminas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 255
ending page: 272
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.8

Changes in Headaches Characteristics during Pregnancy
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Headache is one of the common conditions affecting people worldwide, with migraines and tension-type headaches being the most prevalent. Pregnancy introduces hormonal fluctuations, particularly increased estrogen levels, which can influence headache characteristics. This study aimed to assess changes in headache patterns among pregnant women.<br style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1" /><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">A prospective survey was conducted at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics (LSMUL KK), involving 67 pregnant women wh…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: migraine
  topic: keywords
subject: headaches
  topic: keywords
subject: pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: headache characteristics
  topic: keywords
creator: Ainas Beinakaraitis
creator: Livija Sadauskaitė
creator: Augustė Juknelytė-Spūdienė
creator: Antanas Vaitkus
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ainas Beinakaraitis | Livija Sadauskaitė | Augustė Juknelytė-Spūdienė | Antanas Vaitkus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 245
ending page: 254
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.4

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Outcomes Based on the Treatment Initiation Stage: A Systematic Literature Review
type: item
description: <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Background and Objectives<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">: <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-f…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
  topic: keywords
subject: SSPE
  topic: keywords
subject: measles infection
  topic: keywords
subject: SSPE staging
  topic: keywords
subject: pediatric neurology
  topic: keywords
creator: Gabija Gurskaitė
creator: Rūta Samaitienė Aleknienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Gabija Gurskaitė | Rūta Samaitienė Aleknienė https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 108
ending page: 117
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.100.4

Adrenoleukodystrophy: Symptoms, Treatment and Newborn Screening. Literature Review and Clinical Case
type: item
description: Adrenoleukodystrophy is a rare genetic disease which causes adrenal gland insufficiency and damages the nervous system. It is inherited through the X chromosome in a recessive manner. Due to the ABCD1 gene mutation, there is a disorder of peroxisomes, thus very long-chain fatty acids are not degraded properly. There are 3 main forms of X-ALD: cerebral X-adrenoleukodystrophy, adrenomyeloneuropathy, and Addison’s disease. We present a case of a 7-year-3-month-old boy who was diagnosed with cerebral X-adrenoleukodystrophy. The patient was hospitalised because of episodic strabismus, hearing difficulty, gait abnormalities, and behavioural changes. His maternal grandmother had an unspecific demyelination. There were typical lesions of X-adrenoleukodystrophy in the patient’s magnetic resonance tomography imaging, whereas the Loes score was 15. Laboratory testing showed an elevated concentration of very long-chain fatty acids, and genetic testing confirmed the ABCD1 gene mutation. The patient’s disease was evaluated as advanced; therefore, allogeneic stem cell transplantation was not performed. The treatment consisted of Lorenzo oil, hormone therapy, and a low-fat diet. After summarising the literature, 6 main groups of symptoms are suggested: behavioural changes, hearing and visual impairment, neuromuscular system disorders, central nervous system impairment, nonspecific and other non-neurological symptoms. The best results of allogeneic stem cell transplantation were observed in patients with standard or very low risk. Autologous stem cell transplantation with gene therapy showed similar results as allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Vorinostat, rituximab, and intrathecal mesenchymal stem cell transplantation were described as unsuccessful treatment methods. The prevalence of X-ALD is estimated from 1:4,845 to 1:17,000, depending on the country. The most effective value of C26:0 Lyso-phosphatidylcholine concentration for newborn screening was 0.3-0.36 μmol/l.
subject: Case Reports
  topic: section
subject: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
  topic: keywords
subject: cerebral form
  topic: keywords
subject: stem cell transplantation
  topic: keywords
creator: Laura Regelskytė
creator: Rūta Praninskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 70
ending page: 78
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.99.1

Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide for Medication Overuse Headache in Migraine Patients: Literature Review
type: item
description: Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a type of headache that is caused by an excessive use of pain-relief medication, most commonly in individuals with migraine. This condition negatively impacts the quality of life of those affected, while also placing a significant socioeconomic burden on the healthcare system. Over the past decade, preventive treatment has become a lot more prominent in the management of MOH in an attempt to reduce the risk of medication overuse. Although medication groups such as antidepressants, beta-blockers, and antiepileptics are still being used for preventive treatment, more recent and specific treatments, namely, monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), are being increasingly applied. This review article discusses the epidemiology and risk factors of MOH as well as the latest clinical studies investigating the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against CGRP in treating MOH in patients suffering from migraine.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: ilgai vartojamų vaistų sukeltas galvos skausmas
  topic: keywords
subject: migrena
  topic: keywords
subject: epidemiologija
  topic: keywords
subject: rizikos veiksniai
  topic: keywords
subject: monokloninai antikūnai
  topic: keywords
subject: su kalcitonino genu susijęs peptidas
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Kairytė
creator: P. Lukoševičius
creator: G. Žemgulytė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 60
ending page: 69
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.99.5

Treatment Tactics for Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: A Literature Review
type: item
description: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which leads to a progressive disability. The loss of dopaminergic neurons and disturbances in their connections cause deficient signaling of dopamine circuits, which results in motor and non-motor symptoms. Cognitive and behavioral disturbances are also common, including the possible onset of psychotic symptoms. Data on the prevalence of psychosis, caused by Parkinson’s disease is limited, as diagnostic criteria are not universally applied. Modified NINDS (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) criteria can be used. Several scales have been developed to assess the risk of psychosis development, to confirm the diagnosis, and to evaluate the symptom severity. For reliable diagnosis, it is advisable to use multiple scales, considering individual patient symptoms and differential diagnoses. Pharmacological treatment may include antipsychotics (quetiapine, clozapine), dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, 5-HT2A receptor ligands, medications for dementia, anxiolytics, antidepressants, and gabapentin. Non-pharmacological treatment may include electroconvulsive therapy, deep brain stimulation, and transcranial direct current stimulation. Use of treatment algorithms is recommended. Further research is necessary to discover new drugs specifically targeting the treatment of this disorder. Although Lithuania does not yet provide access to Pimavanserin, a drug specifically indicated for psychosis associated with Parkinson’s disease, other treatments can be recommended for patients, along with psychological counseling and collaboration with psychiatrists and psychologists.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parkinson’s disease
  topic: keywords
subject: non-motor symptoms
  topic: keywords
subject: psychosis
  topic: keywords
subject: dopamine antagonists
  topic: keywords
creator: Daiva Milmantienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 44
ending page: 59
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.99.4

The Use of Cannabinoids to Treat Insomnia
type: item
description: Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep after waking up. With the increasing pace of life and high levels of stress, there is a rising number of individuals reporting sleep disturbances. Recently, there has been a growing interest in various cannabis preparations, particularly in cannabinoids derived from Cannabis sativa plants, for the treatment of insomnia. Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are commonly used to treat insomnia. Both of these substances have shown potential in improving sleep quality and have historically been used to induce sleep. Despite their widespread use, there is still a lack of reliable research to prove their effectiveness. Nevertheless, cannabinoids remain frequently used substances in the management of sleep disorders. While THC and CBD may enhance the sleep quality by reducing nighttime awakenings, shortening sleep onset latency, and increasing the total sleep time, their efficacy in treating insomnia lacks scientific validation. Additionally, there are safety concerns associated with cannabinoids, including potential negative impacts on the sleep quality, risk of abuse or dependence, and the development of tolerance with long-term use. This article provides a comprehensive review of literature concerning the effects and safety of cannabinoids on sleep and sleep-wake rhythms, as well as their potential benefits in treating insomnia and other sleep disorders.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: cannabinoids
  topic: keywords
subject: THC
  topic: keywords
subject: CBD
  topic: keywords
subject: insomnia
  topic: keywords
creator: V. Kutniauskaitė
creator: G. Šegždaitė
creator: G. Žilionytė
creator: E. Pajėdienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 34
ending page: 53
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.99.3

Humour Runs through the Multicoloured Mosaic of Neuropsychotherapy: Scoping Review
type: item
description: Background. The investigation is devoted to explore the possibilities of humour to treat neuropsychiatric disorders which, in the last decade, have significantly increased. The aim of the study is to describe the growing investigations, in which various styles and forms of humour are used in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, and to evaluate their therapeutic peculiarities. Overall research question. What is the role of humour in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders? Material and methods. Scientific investigations were analysed, grouped, interpreted and generalized. Information for literature review was collected in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Overall, 25 articles published between 2013 and 2023 and written by 171 authors (from 28 countries) were analysed. Results. The investigations concisely reviewed herein are associated with the only therapeutic form – the usage of humour in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The results of the investigations are divided into five sections: the use of humour in the context of different coping strategies (5 investigations); the use of only humour in the treatment (6 investigations); the use of the styles of humour in the treatment (5 investigations); comprehension of humour by patients (6 investigations), and clinical trials which revealed the sense of humour in the brain of patients (4 investigations). Conclusions. The results of the reviewed investigations showed that the therapeutic potential of humour is high enough to broaden the horizon of neurology to some extent. The growing popularity of humour usage in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders could encourage this kind of therapeutic activity in Lithuania as well.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: verbal humour
  topic: keywords
subject: jokes
  topic: keywords
subject: comprehension of humour
  topic: keywords
subject: neurological diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: neuropsychological condition
  topic: keywords
subject: neuropsychiatric disorders
  topic: keywords
creator: M. Šeduikienė
creator: V. Matonis
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 5
ending page: 33
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.99.2

Editorial Board and Table of Contents
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 1
ending page: 4

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Report
type: item
description: <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Guillain-Barré Syndrome<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1"> (GBS) is an acute, immune-mediated neuropathy of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by rapidly progressive, symmetrical weakness of the limbs and the reduction or absence of tendon reflexes. GBS is a rare neurological disorder diagnosed based on the clinical history, neurological examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and electroneuromyography (ENMG). In rare cases, GBS can occur together with other syndromes. <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: me…
subject: Case Reports
  topic: section
subject: Guillain-Barré syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Klippel-Feil syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: demyelinating polyneuropathy
  topic: keywords
creator: Gabrielė Jankauskaitė
creator: Gintarė Žemgulyė
creator: Renata Balnytė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Gabrielė Jankauskaitė | Gintarė Žemgulyė | Renata Balnytė https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 118
ending page: 125
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.100.5

Fatal Pontine and Extrapontine Myelinolysis after Severe Hyponatremia Correction: A Case Report
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis represents rare but serious neurological complications associated with the rapid correction of severe hyponatremia. We present a case report of a 49-year-old male who developed pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis following a rapid correction of severe hyponatremia. Initially, the patient was admitted to a district hospital on February 18, 2024 for generalized weakness and an unspecified infection, during which, his sodium level was found to be critically low at 98.6 mmol/L. Rapid treatment raised his sodium to 140 mmol/L over a short period, completing the correction within 10 days. One day after discharge, he was readmitted to the Emergency Department at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kaunas Clinics on February 29, 2024, with symptoms including altered consciousness, bulbar symptoms, and limb weakness. A head <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Computed Tomography<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligature…
subject: Case Reports
  topic: section
subject: Pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: osmotic demyelination syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: hyponatremia
  topic: keywords
subject: hyponatremia correction
  topic: keywords
subject: case report
  topic: keywords
creator: Erika Jokubauskaitė
creator: Patricija Skučaitė
creator: Ieva Vienažindytė
creator: Neringa Balčiūnienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Erika Jokubauskaitė | Patricija Skučaitė | Ieva Vienažindytė | Neringa Balčiūnienė https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 126
ending page: 133
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.100.6