Neurologijos seminarai
type: channel
description: Founded in 1997. Publishes articles on the aetiopathogenesis, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive advances in neurological, neurosurgical and related diseases.
publisher: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla / Vilnius University Press
language: en
publication name: Neurologijos seminarai
issn: 1392-3064
items: “Died of Respiratory Muscle Paralysis”: Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Poliomyelitis in Interwar Lithuania
items: Phacomatoses: From Cutaneous Signs to Neurological Diagnosis
items: Factors Worsening the Course of Myasthenia: Latest Research and Insights
items: Editorial Board and Table of Contents
items: Second international Vilnius neuroscience conference for young researchers, 2026. Abstract book
items: Changes in Headaches Characteristics during Pregnancy
items: The Relationship between Mental and Sleep Disorders: A Literature Review
items: The Role of Orthostatic Hypotension in the Development of Nocturia in Parkinson’s Disease
items: Diagnostic Challenges of Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type 2 (AOA2): A Clinical Case Presentation with Literature Review
items: Clinical and Patient-Reported Effects of Ketogenic Diet and Intermittent Fasting for Multiple Sclerosis: Literature Review
items: Cognitive Impairment in Heart Failure: Unraveling the Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Diagnostics and Therapeutic Strategies
items: Review of Prognostic Testing for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia
items: Multiple Sclerosis: The Disease and its Association with Changes in the Gut Microbiota
items: The Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Eating Disorders: Appetite Regulation and Neurobiological Mechanisms
items: Complicated Diagnosis and Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Five-Year Follow-up
items: Perception of Nervous System Physiology in “Theory of Organic Beings” by Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768–1838)
items: Surgical Management of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy through Corpus Callosotomy: Case Report and Literature Review
items: Radiological Imaging Findings of Perineural Spread in Head-and-Neck Malignancies: Literature Review
items: Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness
items: Cognitive Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients
items: Neurological Manifestations, Diagnostics, and Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Literature Review
items: Decoding Parkinson’s Disease: Roles of Genes and Neuroinflammation – A Narrative Review
items: First international Vilnius neuroscience conference for young researchers, 2025. Abstract book
items: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report
items: Role of SWI in Identifying Microhemorrhages in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
items: Ageing and multiple sclerosis
items: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Outcomes Based on the Treatment Initiation Stage: A Systematic Literature Review

“Died of Respiratory Muscle Paralysis”: Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Poliomyelitis in Interwar Lithuania
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The first cases of poliomyelitis date back to ancient times: a possible case of polio was depicted in one of the earliest sources in human history – an Egyptian funerary stele from around 1400 BC. It took more than one millennium before the term ‘poliomyelitis’ was coined. In the 18<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">th<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> century medical literature, the disease was still called “debility of the lower extremities”, while inflammation of the gray matter in the spinal cord was observed during autopsy studies, without knowing its causative agent. Meanwhile, in the 19<span style="color:…
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: poliomyelitis
  topic: keywords
subject: paralysis
  topic: keywords
subject: iron lung
  topic: keywords
subject: interwar period
  topic: keywords
subject: Lithuania
  topic: keywords
creator: Laura Kasperiūnaitė
creator: Eglė Sakalauskaitė - Juodeikienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Laura Kasperiūnaitė | Eglė Sakalauskaitė - Juodeikienė https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-16
publication date: 2025-04-16
starting page: 66
ending page: 85

Phacomatoses: From Cutaneous Signs to Neurological Diagnosis
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Phacomatoses are a group of genetically determined multisystemic conditions that mainly affect the skin, eyes and central nervous system. Many phacomatoses present with specific skin manifestations, whose accurate evaluation can significantly contribute to establishing the correct diagnosis. The aim of this article is to review the most common phacomatoses: neurofibromatosis type 1, tuberous sclerosis complex, Sturge-Weber syndrome, and ataxia–telangiectasia. We discuss their epidemiology, etiology, the latest diagnostic criteria and clinical features with particular emphasis on dermatological manifestations.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: phacomatoses
  topic: keywords
subject: neurocutaneous syndromes
  topic: keywords
subject: diagnostics
  topic: keywords
subject: treatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Karolina Sučylaitė
creator: Mantas Jokubaitis
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-16
publication date: 2025-04-16
starting page: 53
ending page: 65
doi: 10.15388/NS.2025.29.103.5

Factors Worsening the Course of Myasthenia: Latest Research and Insights
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Myasthenia (Latin: <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">myasthenia gravis<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">, MG) is an autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction, leading to pathological muscle fatigue. The main symptom of the disease is muscle fatigue, which becomes more pronounced after exertion and may be especially noticeable later in the day. The disease may affect either facial muscles or all skeletal muscles of the body. In recent years, the prevalence and incidence of myasthenia have significantly increased, prompting greater attention toward identifying factors that exacerbate symptoms and minimizing their impa…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: myasthenia
  topic: keywords
subject: exacerbating factors
  topic: keywords
subject: neuromuscular junction
  topic: keywords
creator: Viktorija Kutniauskaitė
creator: Gabrielė Žilionytė
creator: Evelina Grušauskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-16
publication date: 2025-04-16
starting page: 15
ending page: 26
doi: 10.15388/NS.2025.29.103.2

Editorial Board and Table of Contents
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-16
publication date: 2025-04-16
starting page: 1
ending page: 4

Second international Vilnius neuroscience conference for young researchers, 2026. Abstract book
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 54
doi: 10.15388/NS.2026.Supplement

Changes in Headaches Characteristics during Pregnancy
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Headache is one of the common conditions affecting people worldwide, with migraines and tension-type headaches being the most prevalent. Pregnancy introduces hormonal fluctuations, particularly increased estrogen levels, which can influence headache characteristics. This study aimed to assess changes in headache patterns among pregnant women.<br style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1" /><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">A prospective survey was conducted at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics (LSMUL KK), involving 67 pregnant women wh…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: migraine
  topic: keywords
subject: headaches
  topic: keywords
subject: pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: headache characteristics
  topic: keywords
creator: Ainas Beinakaraitis
creator: Livija Sadauskaitė
creator: Augustė Juknelytė-Spūdienė
creator: Antanas Vaitkus
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ainas Beinakaraitis | Livija Sadauskaitė | Augustė Juknelytė-Spūdienė | Antanas Vaitkus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 245
ending page: 254
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.4

The Relationship between Mental and Sleep Disorders: A Literature Review
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Even in ancient times, it was understood that rest and sleep are vital processes, as essential as breathing, eating, and other bodily functions. However, only in recent decades science has demonstrated that sleep is an active process involving neuronal network stabilization, restoration of brain and whole-body energy reserves, proper protein structure formation, promotion of macromolecule synthesis, processing and long-term retention of information, emotional regulation, reduction of oxidative stress-induced cellular damage, regulation of immune responses, and the clearance of toxic metabolites and protein degradation products. In cases of mental and sleep disorders, these processes are disrupted. The aim of this review article is to analyze the relationship between sleep and mental disorders, while focusing on different groups of psychiatric conditions. We also discuss the comorbidity of sleep and mental disorders, explore how sleep disturbances may trigger relapses or worsen psychiatric symptoms, and characterize core changes in sleep architecture for various mental disorders. Additionally, we review the effects of psychotropic medications on sleep, therapeutic considerations for their usage, and present combined psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment strategies that can optimize the treatment outcomes for both sleep and mental disorders.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: mental disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: sleep disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: polysomnography
  topic: keywords
subject: psychotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: medications
  topic: keywords
creator: Eglė Sakalauskaitė - Juodeikienė
creator: Algis Jaraminas
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Eglė Sakalauskaitė - Juodeikienė | Algis Jaraminas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
starting page: 255
ending page: 272
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.8

The Role of Orthostatic Hypotension in the Development of Nocturia in Parkinson’s Disease
type: item
description: <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Background. Parkinson‘s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder where one of the most common non-motor symptoms is nocturnal urination, also known as nocturia. It can be caused by sleep disturbances, increased urine production and impaired urine storage. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system, such as orthostatic hypotension (OH), may also contribute to nocturia. The aim of this review article is to assess the association between nocturia and OH in PL and to discuss possible diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Materials and methods. A non-systematic review of the scientific literature was performed. Publications were retrieved by PubMed search engine using keywords and their combinations The non-systematic literature review included publications published in 2016–2025. Results. Nocturia is one of the frequently occurring non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, significantly impairing patients’ sleep quality and overall well-being. Its causes are related to increased urine production and storage disorders; however, increasing attention …
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nocturia
  topic: keywords
subject: Parkinson’s disease
  topic: keywords
subject: orthostatic hypotension
  topic: keywords
creator: Deimantė Košytė
creator: Jolita Čičelienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Deimantė Košytė | Jolita Čičelienė https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 281
ending page: 287
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.7

Diagnostic Challenges of Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type 2 (AOA2): A Clinical Case Presentation with Literature Review
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2) is an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA) caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SETX gene. AOA2 is among the most frequently diagnosed non-Friedreich ARCAs in individuals across Europe, which makes it important to understand its clinical feature and laboratory findings for accurate diagnosis and patient care. This disorder typically presents during adolescence with progressive cerebellar ataxia, sensorimotor neuropathy, tremor, oculomotor abnormalities, and may also lead to infertility. Key diagnostic markers, prominent in more than 95% of patients, are elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and cerebellar atrophy – most commonly, in the vermis and anterior lobe of the cerebellum, as observed on brain <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Magnetic Resonance Imaging<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;…
subject: Case Reports
  topic: section
subject: Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type 2
  topic: keywords
subject: AOA2
  topic: keywords
subject: ARCA
  topic: keywords
subject: SETX gene
  topic: keywords
subject: Cerebellar atrophy
  topic: keywords
subject: Alpha-fetoprotein
  topic: keywords
creator: Greta Galinytė
creator: Gintarė Baranauskienė
creator: Rūta Kaladytė Lokominienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Greta Galinytė | Gintarė Baranauskienė | Rūta Kaladytė Lokominienė https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-16
publication date: 2025-04-16
starting page: 86
ending page: 96
doi: 10.15388/NS.2025.29.103.7

Clinical and Patient-Reported Effects of Ketogenic Diet and Intermittent Fasting for Multiple Sclerosis: Literature Review
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Multiple sclerosis is the most common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. Its prevalence is increasing, with an estimated 2.8 million people affected worldwide. The development of multiple sclerosis is associated with various factors, including Epstein-Barr virus, ultraviolet B radiation, smoking, vitamin D deficiency, and genetic predisposition. This disease is more prevalent in Western countries, thereby indicating that nutrition might be an additional risk factor, as typical Western diets high in energy, saturated fats, and sugars are linked to neuroinflammation.<br style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decorat…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: ketogenic diet
  topic: keywords
subject: intermittent fasting
  topic: keywords
subject: multiple sclerosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Greta Ramonaitė
creator: Ieva Sereikė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Greta Ramonaitė | Ieva Sereikė https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-16
publication date: 2025-04-16
starting page: 42
ending page: 52
doi: 10.15388/NS.2025.29.103.4

Cognitive Impairment in Heart Failure: Unraveling the Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Diagnostics and Therapeutic Strategies
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The article analyzes the link between heart failure (HF) and cognitive impairment (CI), emphasizing that about one-third of patients with HF experience some degree of cognitive decline. The main mechanism behind the development of CI is reduced cerebral blood flow, although inflammatory, neurohumoral, metabolic, and structural changes in the brain are also important. CI worsens treatment adherence in HF patients and increases the risk of hospitalization and mortality. Diagnostic tools include neuropsychological tests, imaging studies and biomarkers. Treatment should be comprehensive – incorporating both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. The article highlights that successful care for these patients requires collaboration between cardiologists and neurologists to improve cognitive function and overall health.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cognitive impairment (CI)
  topic: keywords
subject: heart failure (HF)
  topic: keywords
subject: cerebral blood flow
  topic: keywords
creator: Domantas Jakubauskas
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 273
ending page: 280
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.6

Review of Prognostic Testing for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are neurodegenerative diseases with distinc clinical presentation, but interconnected with each other. Frontotemporal dementia most often presents as behavioural or speech impairment, whereas amyotrophic lateral sclerosis presents as progressive weakness of voluntary muscles. <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">C9orf72 <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">repeat expansion<em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weigh…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: prognostic genetic testing
  topic: keywords
subject: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  topic: keywords
subject: frontotemporal dementia
  topic: keywords
subject: C9orf72 repeat expansion
  topic: keywords
creator: Donata Pakeltytė
creator: Birutė Burnytė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 238
ending page: 244
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.3

Multiple Sclerosis: The Disease and its Association with Changes in the Gut Microbiota
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">The human gut microbiota influences the host’s health through various physiological mechanisms. It interacts with the immune system by modulating the activity of T and B lymphocytes and other immune cells. A balanced microbiota maintains the intestinal barrier function by preserving intestinal mucosa’s integrity and preventing invasions of pathogens. Conversely, an imbalance in gut microbial content, known as dysbiosis, may promote pro-inflammatory immune responses associated with the pathogenesis of various autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases.<br style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: multiple sclerosis
  topic: keywords
subject: gut microbiota
  topic: keywords
subject: bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: gut-brain axis
  topic: keywords
subject: blood-brain barrier
  topic: keywords
creator: Akvilė Bružaitė
creator: Alvita Vilkevičiūtė
creator: Renata Balnytė
creator: Agnė Giedraitienė
creator: Rasa Liutkevičienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 229
ending page: 237
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.2

The Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Eating Disorders: Appetite Regulation and Neurobiological Mechanisms
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Valgymo sutrikimai, tokie kaip nervinė anoreksija, nervinė bulimija ir persivalgymo sutrikimas, dažnai siejami su neurobiologinėmis disfunkcijomis, įskaitant dopamino ir atlygio sistemų pokyčius. Naujausi tyrimai rodo, kad GLP-1 receptorių agonistai (GLP-1RA) gali turėti terapinį poveikį ne tik metaboliniams, bet ir psichologiniams sutrikimams. GLP-1 reguliuoja gliukozės apykaitą, slopina apetitą ir veikia dopamino signalų perdavimą atlygio sistemose, o tai gali padėti mažinti persivalgymo epizodus. Tyrimai rodo, kad GLP-1RA gali sumažinti su stresu susijusį valgymą, nes veikia pagumburio-hipofizės-antinksčių ašį ir mažina nerimo sukeltą kompulsinį maisto vartojimą. Klinikiniuose tyrimuose pastebėta, kad semaglutidas ir liraglutidas veiksmingai mažina persivalgymo simptomus ir potraukį kaloringam maistui. GLP-1RA poveikis persivalgymo sutrikimui buvo reikšmingesnis nei tradicinių vaistų, tokių kaip SSRI, topiramatas ar lizdeksamfetaminas, tačiau jų ilgalaikis poveikis dar nėra pakankamai ištirtas. Nors ir duoda teigiamų rezultatų, GLP-1RA gali sukelti šalutinius poveikius, įskaitant virškinimo sutrikimus, hipoglikemiją ir galimus psichikos būklės pokyčius. Būsimi tyrimai turėtų įvertinti jų ilgalaikį poveikį ir galimą derinimą su kitais gydymo metodais, pavyzdžiui, kognityvine elgesio terapija.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: GLP-1 receptor agonists
  topic: keywords
subject: eating disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: dopamine system
  topic: keywords
subject: appetite regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: stress-induced eating
  topic: keywords
creator: Julija Blažytė
creator: Robertas Strumila
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 219
ending page: 228
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.1

Editorial Board and Table of Contents
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 4

Complicated Diagnosis and Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Five-Year Follow-up
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">A 68-year-old male started experiencing a localized headache in the left temporal region, which later spread to the right side. Initially, his symptoms were nonspecific; therefore, he visited several neurologists and was diagnosed with cephalgia. However, the symptoms progressed, the pain spread to the temporomandibular joints, and problems with chewing and swallowing developed. One month later, the patient noticed a subfebrile fever, as well as a severe headache and swelling of the eyes; consequently, he was admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine. An increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were established. Color-coded duplex sonography revealed the concentric hypoechoic thickness of the walls in both superficial temporal arteries with increased blood flow velocities. The temporal arteries were very rigid and painful; therefore, it was difficult to perform an ultrasound examination. Subsequently, giant cell arteritis was diagnosed. The patient received an intravenous course of methylprednisolone, followed by prednisolone and methotrexate tablets.<br style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-st…
subject: Case Reports
  topic: section
subject: giant cell arteritis
  topic: keywords
subject: temporal arteritis
  topic: keywords
subject: headache
  topic: keywords
subject: ultrasound
  topic: keywords
subject: color-coded duplex sonography
  topic: keywords
creator: Ieva Lukauskaitė
creator: Jurgita Valaikienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 207
ending page: 213
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.101.7

Perception of Nervous System Physiology in “Theory of Organic Beings” by Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768–1838)
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768–1838) was a graduate of the universities of Krakow and Pavia, a professor of chemistry at Vilnius University, a prominent Vilnius physician, one of the founders of the Vilnius Medical Society, and the editor of the scientific and cultural journal <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Dziennik Wileński<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">. He was also the author of many publications, including the three-volume treatise <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal…
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Andrius Sniadeckis
  topic: keywords
subject: organinių būtybių teorija
  topic: keywords
subject: nervų sistema
  topic: keywords
subject: fiziologija
  topic: keywords
subject: devynioliktas amžius
  topic: keywords
creator: Gražina Matulaitytė
creator: Eglė Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 192
ending page: 206
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.101.6

Surgical Management of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy through Corpus Callosotomy: Case Report and Literature Review
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Corpus callosotomy is a palliative surgical procedure used for a selected group of patients with <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Drug-Resistant Epilepsy<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1"> (DRE) when antiepileptic drugs fail to achieve seizure control. While it significantly reduces seizure frequency, it does not cure epilepsy. In this article, we present the case of a 45-year-old man with DRE unresponsive to pharmacological treatment, who underwent a complete corpus callosotomy. Postoperatively, seizure frequency decreased by 80%, and functional independence improved…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: drug-resistant epilepsy
  topic: keywords
subject: corpus callosotomy
  topic: keywords
subject: seizure reduction
  topic: keywords
subject: epilepsy surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: neurostimulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Nikolė Bolzan
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 185
ending page: 191
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.102.5

Radiological Imaging Findings of Perineural Spread in Head-and-Neck Malignancies: Literature Review
type: item
description: <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Perineural Spread<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1"> (PNS) is a critical mechanism of tumor progression in head and neck malignancies, often remaining clinically undetected until the advanced stages. Given its significant implications for treatment planning and patient prognosis, early and accurate diagnosis through radiological assessment is essential. This literature review explores the epidemiology, clinical significance, diagnostic modalities, and, in particular, the radiological characteristics of PNS. <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Magnetic Resonance Imaging<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Head-and-neck tumors
  topic: keywords
subject: perineural tumor spread
  topic: keywords
subject: perineural invasion
  topic: keywords
subject: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) computed tomography (CT)
  topic: keywords
subject: positron emission tomography (PET)
  topic: keywords
creator: Lukas Kalytis
creator: Jurgita Ušinskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 171
ending page: 184
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.101.4

Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a common cause of dizziness and vertigo. This term was first described fairly recently by the International Classification of Vestibular Disorders in 2017. The symptoms include unsteadiness, vertigo or dizziness, lasting at least 15 days per month for 3 months or longer. The symptoms are exacerbated by upright posture, standing, walking or in the presence of various visual stimuli. The cause of this disorder is still unknown, although it is believed that it is related with the discoordination of the peripheral sensory and the central nervous systems. The onset of dizziness has been explained as the result of failure of integrating visual, vestibular and proprioreceptive signals into the central nervous system. The symptoms are often succeeding a previous vestibular disorder, e.g. vestibular neuronitis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière’s disease or other disorders. Psychological factors also play a part in the onset of PPPD – patients quite frequently present a history of anxiety, neurotic tendencies and depression. PPPD diagnosis is clinical, a thorough anamnesis and clinical examination are crucial. In order to diagnose PPPD correctly, a set of all five criteria, established by the Bárány society, should be met. The treatment is usually multimodal, consisting of vestibular rehabilitation, cognitive behaviour therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibit…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: PPPD
  topic: keywords
subject: CBT
  topic: keywords
subject: SSRI
  topic: keywords
subject: SNRI
  topic: keywords
creator: Ieva Baužaitė
creator: Viktorija Navickaitė
creator: Antanas Vaitkus
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 164
ending page: 170
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.101.3

Cognitive Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a rare, progressive, X-linked recessive disorder, characterized by impaired synthesis of the protein dystrophin. Motor symptoms in boys typically emerge within the first year of life, followed by progressive cardiac involvement. In recent years, an increasing body of research has highlighted the role of dystrophin in brain development and function, with notable impacts on cognitive performance and language development. It has been observed that boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are frequently diagnosed with intellectual impairment, verbal memory impairment, learning and reading difficulties. Among the earliest developmental concerns, often, a language delay is manifested. Increasing evidence supports a link between the absence of specific dystrophin isoforms and intellectual disabilities. Mutations in the distal regions of the dystrophin gene, affecting isoforms such as Dp140 or Dp71, are associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment and more severe intellectual disability. This paper provides a literature review on cognitive function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  topic: keywords
subject: cognitive function
  topic: keywords
subject: intellectual impairment
  topic: keywords
creator: Viktorija Urbanovič
creator: Jurgita Grikinienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 157
ending page: 163
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.101.2

Neurological Manifestations, Diagnostics, and Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Literature Review
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Giant cell (temporal) arteritis is the most common primary systemic vasculitis. The main manifestation of this disease is new onset headache affecting people over 50 years old with an increased erythrocytes sedimentation rate (≥50mm/h). Other non-specific symptoms can include fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, jaw pain and polymyalgia. The progression of the disease can lead to temporary or permanent monocular blindness due to retinal artery lesion and circulation problems. Later, the cerebral arteries can also be damaged, leading to stroke, more often in the posterior circulation.<br style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoratio…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: giant cell arteritis
  topic: keywords
subject: vasculitis
  topic: keywords
subject: temporal arteries
  topic: keywords
subject: sonography
  topic: keywords
subject: headache
  topic: keywords
creator: Ieva Lukauskaitė
creator: Dalius Jatužis
creator: Jurgita Valaikienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 145
ending page: 156
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.101.1

Editorial Board and Table of Contents
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 4

Decoding Parkinson’s Disease: Roles of Genes and Neuroinflammation – A Narrative Review
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, which is accompanied by both genetic and inflammatory causes. Recent studies have highlighted the simultaneous importance of genetic predisposition and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in disease development, progression, and clinical heterogeneity. The present paper intends to review current research on the roles of neuroinflammation and genetic variables in PD etiology, as well as to assess their interplay, diagnostic relevance, and treatment promise. This narrative review brings together data from recent studies on monogenic mutations (e.g., SNCA, LRRK2, GBA1), inflammatory signaling pathways, glial cell dysfunction, experimental models, and biomarker research. Therapeutic developments addressing these processes are also discussed, with a focus on translational progress and new trends. The combination of neuroinflammation and genetics provides significant insights into the disease pathogenesis. A focus is observed on developing biomarkers and precision medicine approaches that target both pathways; this provides hope for an earlier diagnosis and more successful, tailored treatment strategies in the future.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parkinson's disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Neuroinflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: genetic susceptibility
  topic: keywords
subject: cytokines
  topic: keywords
subject: pathogenesis
  topic: keywords
subject: gene–environment interaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Mhd Bashir Almonajjed
creator: Ahmed Abdelghafar
creator: Nezar Al Jammaz
creator: Mahdi Wardeh
creator: Shahad Shtat
creator: Samar Abuhadayed
creator: Lana Majbour
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mhd Bashir Almonajjed | Ahmed Abdelghafar | Nezar Al Jammaz | Mahdi Wardeh | Shahad Shtat | Samar Abuhadayed | Lana Majbour https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-16
publication date: 2025-04-16
starting page: 27
ending page: 41
doi: 10.15388/NS.2025.29.103.3

First international Vilnius neuroscience conference for young researchers, 2025. Abstract book
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-07
publication date: 2025-05-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.15388/NS.2025.Supplement

Editorial Board and Table of Contents
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Rūta Mameniškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 79
ending page: 82

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report
type: item
description: <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1"> (NMOSD) is a rare inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system affecting the optic nerves and the spinal cord. Diagnosis of NMOSD is based on the Diagnostic Criteria of the <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">International Panel for NMOSD diagnosis<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacin…
subject: Case Reports
  topic: section
subject: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
  topic: keywords
subject: aquaporin-4 antibodies
  topic: keywords
creator: Paulius Sėdžius
creator: Gintarė Šataitė
creator: Rymantė Gleiznienė
creator: Dalia Musneckienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 134
ending page: 139
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.100.7

Role of SWI in Identifying Microhemorrhages in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a prevalent neurological condition which can result in long-term cognitive and functional impairments, often linked to microhemorrhages and subtle bleeding that may not be visible when using the conventional imaging techniques, such as CT or standard MRI. <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Susceptibility Weighted Imaging<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1"> (SWI) has emerged as a valuable tool for detecting these subtle abnormalities due to its enhanced sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility differences. This literature review explore…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI)
  topic: keywords
subject: mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)
  topic: keywords
subject: microhemorrhages cerebral microbleeds (CMBs)
  topic: keywords
subject: raumatic microbleeds (TMBs)
  topic: keywords
subject: quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)
  topic: keywords
subject: post-concussive syndrome (PPCS)
  topic: keywords
creator: Lukas Kalytis
creator: Jūratė Dementavičienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 100
ending page: 107
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.100.3

Ageing and multiple sclerosis
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Advances in the treatment of multiple sclerosis in recent decades have allowed an increasing number of people to reach advanced age without significant disability. Most disease-modifying drugs are designed to suppress active inflammation and reduce the risk of relapses; however, as patients age, the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease change, and progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) begins to prevail. The prolonged duration of drug-induced immunosuppression, combined with age-related comorbidities, may lead to adverse effects. In this article, we review age-related changes in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and the associated treatment challenges.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: multiple sclerosis
  topic: keywords
subject: disease-modifying therapies
  topic: keywords
subject: aging
  topic: keywords
creator: Julija Isačenko
creator: Renata Balnytė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 92
ending page: 99
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.100.2

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Outcomes Based on the Treatment Initiation Stage: A Systematic Literature Review
type: item
description: <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Background and Objectives<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-fragment="1">: <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-fragment="1">Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;" data-mce-f…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
  topic: keywords
subject: SSPE
  topic: keywords
subject: measles infection
  topic: keywords
subject: SSPE staging
  topic: keywords
subject: pediatric neurology
  topic: keywords
creator: Gabija Gurskaitė
creator: Rūta Samaitienė Aleknienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Gabija Gurskaitė | Rūta Samaitienė Aleknienė https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 108
ending page: 117
doi: 10.15388/NS.2024.28.100.4