Vilnius University Open Series
type: channel
description: Įkurtas 2019 m. Publikuoja įvairios tematikos proginius straipsnių rinkinius.
publisher: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla / Vilnius University Press
language: lt
publication name: Vilnius University Open Series
issn: 2669-0535
items: Rusų etninės grupės reprezentacija Lietuvos spaudoje. Negyjančios Antrojo pasaulinio karo žaizdos
items: Rusų kolektyvinės atminties ir tapatumo konstravimas Lietuvos spaudoje rusų kalba
items: Возвращение русской культуры Литвы из забвения
items: Конструирование исторической идентичности в советской русской литературе Литвы
items: Rusų tapatumo sovietmečio Lietuvoje konstravimas: politika, gyventojų surašymai ir istorinė atmintis
items: Rusai Lietuvoje 1944 m. liepą–1953 m.: rusų migracijos ir Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštijos atmintis
items: Древняя Литва в русской литературе межвоенного периода
items: Социальная адаптация и идентичность русского населения Литвы в 1918–1940 гг.
items: Autoriai
items: Santraukos
items: Предисловие
items: Redakcinė kolegija ir turinys
items: Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštijos paveldo ir atminties aktualumas (konferenciją prisimenant)
items: Fenomeny dziejów i tradycji Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego: Miejsca pamięci narodów, międzynarodowa konferencja w Wilnie 15–16 listopada 2012 r.
items: Nepriklausomos Lietuvos kinematografas ir Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštijos istorija. Kas būtų, jeigu?..
items: Великое княжество Литовское и «Русь» в концепции краёвости Романа Скирмунта (1868–1939)
items: ,,Zapomniane” Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie – kilka krytycznych uwag na temat przyczyn regresu pojęcia w historiografii polskiej XIX i XX wieku
items: Lenkų ir lietuvių konfliktas XIX amžiaus pabaigoje–XX amžiaus pradžioje: senų koncepcijų atgimimas
items: Wkład militarny Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w dobie walk z powstaniem kozackim B. Chmielnickiego w 1648–1651
items: Великое княжество Литовское в политическом созна- нии украинского казачества середины XVII в.: постановка проблемы
items: Казачество Великого княжества Литовского (конец XV в. – 1569 гг.): социальный портрет
items: Казаки в белорусской исторической традиции и коллективной памяти
items: Водле обычая права земскаго: некоторые аспекты правовой культуры украинской элиты Великого княжества Литовского в достатутовый период
items: Wilno jako Slavia orthodoxa czy Slavia unita w dziejach Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego do 1569 r.
items: Pirmoji Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštijoje lietuviškai spausdinta (katalikiška) knyga: hipotetinis 1585 metų ar Mikalojaus Daukšos 1595 metų katekizmas?
items: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštija kaip atminties vieta: Liudviko Abramovičiaus ir Juzefo Mackievičiaus atvejai
items: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštija – tautų atminties vieta: nuo istoriografinio mandagumo prie Septynknygės idėjos
items: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštija ir jos fenomenai – moderniųjų tautų atminties vietos (idėjų sąrašas)

Rusų etninės grupės reprezentacija Lietuvos spaudoje. Negyjančios Antrojo pasaulinio karo žaizdos
type: item
description: The analysis of the data of the Lithuanian Press (April 201-April 2011) on the Russian ethnic group qualitative research is presented in this article. Research data analysis revealed the predominate discourse (topics) in the press, printed in Lithuanian language, related to Russian ethnic group. The potential threats (economic, cultural and social) are named in this article, following the scheme of the thematic and cognitive organization of ethnic prejudice (van Dijk 1987; 61). The commemoration of Second World War (WWII) termination, as the most frequently mentioned social event and the representation of the participants (agents) of the event in the press in Lithuanian language are compared with the representation of the same social event and social actors of the same event in the press in Russian language of the same period. Thus, the research reveals what (predominating discourse (social event) and the participant of the the discourse (socal agents), how (presented arguments) and which groups opinions and attitudes about Russian ethnic group are constructed in the press in Lithuanian language. The differences and similarities of the representations of the termination of WWII commemoration (the elements of the event, the description details, provided explanations, reasons, goals and portrayal of the participants of the event) are revealed in the press in Lithuanian and Russian language as well. The analysis of the survey data showed that Russian ethnic group in the analyzed press in Lithuanian language is mostly associated with historical themes (the termination of WWII and its commemoration), also with the theme of the political activity of ethnic minority: coalition of Polish and Russian political parties and its victory in the Municipality Council’s elections. The big part of themes are related with the description of the different initiatives of Lithuanian Russians Union (LRU) political party – the commemorational march of 9th of May, the translation of electi…
subject: Straipsniai
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Monika Frėjutė-Rakauskienė
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 351
ending page: 386
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.3.8

Rusų kolektyvinės atminties ir tapatumo konstravimas Lietuvos spaudoje rusų kalba
type: item
description: The article presents the construction of the collective memory and identity of the Russian ethnic group in the mass media (press) revealed in the frame of the qualitative press in Russian language research. Three newspapers („Советская Литва“, „Эхо Литвы“ and „Литовский курьер“) of the years that were supposedly crucial for Lithuanian state development (1990, 2004 and 2010) were studied. An overview was done of the issue numbers published in January, May and September, except 1990, when issue of March was studied. History (historical period, events, personalities, culture events, personalities and aspects of religion) is identified as the main sign of the group identity. Interpretations on these issues are being investigated in the public discourse (press). The theoretical perspective of the article is based on the approach that the concept of ‘history’ or history in general is influenced by the different collective memories (Halas 2008) because of growing role of the mass media and disappearing the difference between popular collective memory and legitimated historical memory. In order to reveal who constructs the collective memory and identity of the Russian group, the analysis of the sources of the articles and the predominant context of the articles’ content (local, national, Russian, European) was done. The results of the research reveal that mass media generally and specifically studied Lithuanian press in Russian language are seen as the field of the symbolical battles or conflict of historical, collective memory and the representation of the past. The most important elements in constructing the collective memory of Russians in the press in Russian language are the Second World War (WWII) and the interpretations of this War termination. The WWII and victory of Russians in that war – is the main conflict and historical event that is represented in the discourse of the articles, which unity of interpretations of War termination (the presentation of description …
subject: Straipsniai
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Monika Frėjutė-Rakauskienė
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 317
ending page: 349
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.3.7

Возвращение русской культуры Литвы из забвения
type: item
description: During the Soviet period Russian culture figures and Russian culture, the press, public and literary associations in Lithuania in the XIX century and during interwar period were ignored and due to ideological taboos could not become the object of scientific research. Exceptions were made for individual members, institutions or events that were of interest as a local version of the all-Russian phenomenon or because they had a positive impact on the development of the Lithuanian culture: the language and folklore of the Old Believers, Ivan Trutnev and Vilnius drawing school, Vilnius theatre in the XIX century, Vilnius University professor Ivan Loboyko, philosopher and historian Lev Karsavin. The radical change in the social status of the Russian population in Lithuania, the changes in the socio-political life of the country, in the hierarchy of cultural values and in the paradigm of humanitarian studies led to the returning of Russian culture in Lithuania from oblivion. The socio-political atmosphere of the late 1980s actualized the issue of national, cultural and state self-identity, the historical continuity of the Russian minority in Lithuania and the Baltic countries. Lithuanian public and political discourse of the Renaissance was based on several myths: the myth of the Lithuanian society as extremely tolerant towards ethnic minorities (this myth could have been illustrated by Old Believers, and such figures as Lev Karsavin, Mstislav Dobuzhinskiy and others who have found refuge from persecution in Lithuania), the myth about interwar Republic of Lithuania as the apogee of Lithuanian state and Lithuanian nation development, the myth of Russians as a foreign segment of society to Lithuania. Finding the most appropriate and psychologically comfortable options for self-identity of Russians was supported and promoted by the first of these myths, especially since it had a prospect of implementing the new historical conditions. At the same time the third myth was strong…
subject: Straipsniai
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Pavel Lavrinec
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 255
ending page: 315
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.3.6

Конструирование исторической идентичности в советской русской литературе Литвы
type: item
description: The study analyzes the construction of historical identity through thematic implementation, specific selection of historical events reflected in the texts, mentioned or depicted historical figures in prose, dramatic, poetic works in Russian, created by writers who were living at the time or lived in Lithuania earlier since the mid-1950s to the late 1990s. The analysis showed that the works that were published before the mid-1980s, reflect the Soviet model of history of Lithuania, in which periods of Sovietization are highlighted (the so-called socialist revolution of 1940s, marked by rallies and bitter struggle against internal enemies - the kulaks and priests) and World War II (the Great Patriotic War as a struggle of Lithuanians with Russians and other peoples of the USSR together against external enemies – the German fascists). Examples include stories and novels by Igor Kashnitskiy, Leonid Vaisberg. Only documentary essays reveal an appeal to the inter-war period of the Republic of Lithuania. This dark “bourgeois period” is used as a contrast to the bright socialist present. In the poems, stories, novels by Vladimir Ustinov, Yury Kobrin, Georgy Metelsky real figures of the past are featured – heroes of the national liberation struggle of the XIX century (Konstanty Kalinowski, Zigmas Serakauskas), the carriers of progressive social and artistic ideas (Adam Mickiewicz, Philomaths, Joachim Lelewel, Taras Shevchenko). They are the forerunners, like-minded allies and leaders of the communist movement of the early XX century (Felix Dzerzhinsky, Yakov Smushkevich, Juozas Vareikis in poems by Vladimir Ustinov, in play by Gregory Kanovich and Oleg Khaneev, story by Pavel Gelbak), which in turn are an example for their contemporaries. The present serves as the natural result and in some ways as the final of the class and national struggles. A special kind of historical identity design is formed by two types of narratives. The first, presented by numerous works in prose an…
subject: Straipsniai
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Pavel Lavrinec
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 231
ending page: 252
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.3.5

Rusų tapatumo sovietmečio Lietuvoje konstravimas: politika, gyventojų surašymai ir istorinė atmintis
type: item
description: This article analyses the aspects of identity of the Russian ethnic group in Lithuania during the first and second Soviet occupation (1940–1941/1944–1990). Obviously, Russians more often than any other ethnic group are identified by Lithuanian academic discourse and Lithuanian society (especially elder people) with controversial political events of the Soviet period. Massive repressions and deportations of population, as well as armed resistance, forced collectivization, and industrialization of Lithuania, immigration of Russians to Lithuania from the other regions of the Soviet Union after the II World War should be mentioned primarily. Because of the consequences of all stated processes, the image of Russians in Lithuania during the period of the Soviet occupation was negative. It usually included the worst selected patterns of their individual characteristics or collective activity (for example, violence against other-minded people, a lack of good skills and education, irresponsibility, drunkenness and etc.). Similar images of Russians still exist in contemporary Lithuanian public and media discourse. Incomparably, less attention is paid not only in this, but also, academic discourse, to the research of social development of Russian ethnic group in Lithuania during the Soviet period. It is also necessary to add that images of Russians as a socialistic nation or “elder brother” by Communist authority of the Soviet Union in 1930s were constructed for political and ideological reasons. Political attitudes of Joseph Stalin were most decisive in building the so called socialistic nations and their hierarchy. Moreover, the population censuses in the Soviet Union that took place in 1926, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, and 1989 were important sources of the nations’ identity building. Soviet political authorities developed in a large scale ethnic composition statistical data reflecting their interests. It is concluded in this article that the identity of Russians in Soviet Lith…
subject: Straipsniai
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Andrius Marcinkevičius
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 183
ending page: 229
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.3.4

Rusai Lietuvoje 1944 m. liepą–1953 m.: rusų migracijos ir Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštijos atmintis
type: item
description: This paper aims to empirically investigate the different Russian outward migrations in July of 1944 to 1953 in the soviet Lithuania and their influence on Russian quantitative changes. Russian outward migrations has been analyzed on the ground of major modern theories of international migration. However, examining the specific political system in the past – the totalitarian regime of the USSR in the post-war Lithuania – these migration theories require some adaptation. The investigation revealed that in 1944–1953 dominated two large migrations of Russians in Lithuania: the mass repatriation to the east and the massive immigration to Lithuania from other Soviet republics and regions. At the same time took place also the four smaller Russian migrations and population displacements. In addition, this paper examines and shows the different groups of Russian post-war Lithuania memory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, applying the theory of cultural memory. Russians in the post-war Lithuania who came from other regions of the USSR could have not had an authentic memory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in that reason they more easily obeyed to the Soviet russocentric interpretation of history and the Soviet‘ memory culture. Therefore, the Soviet politics of memory and the major quantitative change in the Russian community encouraged fragmentation, marginalization, and oblivion the image of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania among the majority of Russians (particularly immigrants) in the post-war Lithuania. At the same time communicative and cultural memory of the native-born Russians in the postwar Lithuania kept in their own way fragmented, tolerant and far more favorable to the Russians, in particular, the Old Believers, the image of late Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
subject: Straipsniai
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Grigorijus Potašenko
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 73
ending page: 182
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.3.3

Древняя Литва в русской литературе межвоенного периода
type: item
description: Literary works of Lithuanian topic create options of historical continuity, historical and national identity, relationship of Russians with Lithuania and its history. The image of ancient Lithuania and Lithuanians in Russian literature conformed to certain rules and was designed using limited set of components. It was used in works of art at the beginning of the XX century and included the realities of pagan culture, exotic way of life, simplicity and directness of feelings, closeness to nature, rejection of the Catholic faith, hostility to the Germans and the Poles. The new socio-historical and political context of forming of the Lithuanian state foregrounded subjects of the medieval Lithuanian history, romanticized images of statesmen and military leaders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, exoticism of the pagan culture. Poets and writers living in the Baltic countries or related to Lithuania by real or mystified biography and practical interests naturally turned to the Lithuanian topic. Construction of image of ancient Lithuania and Lithuanian characters in the books of poems Lietuva golden name (1927) by Eugeny Shklyar (1893–1941) and Northern Lights. Poems about Lithuania and Russia (1931) by Konstantin Balmont (1867–1942), in novels The Genius of the Peace (1931) by L. Kormchiy (born Piragis; 1876–1944) and Eagle taking off (1932) by Sergei Mintslov (1870–1933), is also symptomatic. In poetry of Shklyar and Balmont modern Lithuania is portrayed as an inheritor and successor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Its picture combines exotic, historical depth, folk singing poetry and paganism as the signs of Lithuanian cultural traditions, image of forest growing into symbol, state power associated with paganism and power embodying princes, simplicity, hospitality, chastity of Lithuanians. In the novel The Genius of the Peace by Kormchiy a common set of Lithuanian exotic components is used - unusual names, details of everyday life and social structure, in which the huge…
subject: Straipsniai
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Pavel Lavrinec
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 53
ending page: 70
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.3.2

Социальная адаптация и идентичность русского населения Литвы в 1918–1940 гг.
type: item
description: To date, Lithuanian historians have mostly focused on the activities of single segments of Russian minority or Russian public figures. Yet, analyzing one segment fails to reveal the overall Russian social adaptation in the interwar Lithuania. Furthermore, the interaction between different segments of Russian minority should be included in analysis. Did this interaction contribute to higher consolidation of Russians? Or perhaps, social differences posed significant obstacles to aspirations of increased unity? This article attempts to avoid ethnocentric interpretations of Russian social situation in Lithuania by taking into account not only the social attitudes of ethnic majority, but also of Russian minority. Such analysis of events and processes enables a better understanding of how visions of state’s social development are generated by revealing that ethnic minorities, as well as the ethnic majority, have particular aspirations and draw on particular measures to achieve them. The novelty of this article is that Russians are not treated as a homogenous community. Differences in legal and social status, education, political views, and motivation for social adaptation are taken into account. One of the important motives of the article is to demonstrate that images of ethnic minorities in the contemporary Lithuanian society are not always factual. Historical experiences of ethnic majority and ethnic minorities are often used to construct various ideological stereotypes. Critical rethinking of such stereotypes has taken precedence. In order to achieve this goal, this article discusses demographic issues, education in Russian language, Russian labour and economic activities, activities of Russian public organizations, and issues of Russian social adaptation. Russians consisted of three migration flows that caused various social and cultural differences among them. There were descendents of Old Believers, who had lived in the territory of Lithuania since the end of 17th C…
subject: Straipsniai
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Andrius Marcinkevičius
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 23
ending page: 52
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.3.1

Autoriai
type: item
description: -
subject: Kita
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Grigorijus Potašenko
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 400
ending page: 401

Santraukos
type: item
description: -
subject: Kita
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Grigorijus Potašenko
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 387
ending page: 399
doi: 10.15388/

Предисловие
type: item
description: -
subject: Pradžios puslapiai
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Grigorijus Potašenko
creator: Pavel Lavrinec
creator: Andrius Marcinkevičius
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 8
ending page: 19

Redakcinė kolegija ir turinys
type: item
description: -
subject: Pradžios puslapiai
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Alfredas Bumblauskas
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštijos paveldo ir atminties aktualumas (konferenciją prisimenant)
type: item
description: -
subject: Kita
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Ryšard Gaidis
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 239
ending page: 247
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.15

Fenomeny dziejów i tradycji Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego: Miejsca pamięci narodów, międzynarodowa konferencja w Wilnie 15–16 listopada 2012 r.
type: item
description: -
subject: Kita
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Leszek Zasztowt
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 229
ending page: 238
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.14

Nepriklausomos Lietuvos kinematografas ir Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštijos istorija. Kas būtų, jeigu?..
type: item
description: This article analyses the attempts of the representatives of the independent Lithuanian cinematography to interpret the history of Lithuanian Grand Duchy in the scripts of “Margiris” and “Žalgiris”. These scripts were written for a historical film competition in 2006, which was funded by the programme to mark the Millenium of Lithuania. The key question disccussed in this article is – do the scripts, which were voted the best in the competition, express a qualitatively new approach towards the history of the Lithuanian Grand Duchy? This research revealed that the script of R. Banionis and M. Daškus’ film “Žalgiris” was written to convey the stereotype images of the old history that had been formed in the historical memory of the society. The two main characters – Jogaila, the King of Lithuania and Poland, and Vytautas, the grand duke of the Lithuanian Grand Duchy – were depicted according to the Lithuanian society’s stereotype preconception of these figures. The conceptually very important antagonism between Lithuania and Western Europe, represented by the Teutonic Order, also remains trapped in the captivity of stereotypes which at the same time mark the tension and unbridgeable chasm between us (good Lithuanians) and them (evil). M. Ivaškevičius’ script focuses on the struggle between Lithuanians and Crusaders as well as the battle in the castle of Pilėnai in 1336, during which all the defenders of the castle as well as the villagers hiding inside the castle were killed. Despite attempts to destroy the established stereotypes in the historiography and the historical memory of the society by introducing a new interpretation of the Pilėnai and Margiris themes, M. Ivaškevičius did not withdraw from the influence of the great heroic narrative – the final scene of the script on the assault of Pilėnai castle. The heroic battle of Lithuanians reiterates the stereotype images settled in the historical memory of the society.
subject: Straipsniai
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Aurimas Švedas
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 209
ending page: 226
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.13

Великое княжество Литовское и «Русь» в концепции краёвости Романа Скирмунта (1868–1939)
type: item
description: The phenomenon of “the fatherland idea” (krayovost’) is usually treated as the type of ideology of the political nation. “The fatherland idea” was formulated at the beginning of the XX century in Belarus and Lithuania. The fatherlandists (krajovcy) claimed that all local inhabitants of the historical Lithuania, irrespective of ethno-cultural accessory, were “the citizens of fatherland” and were of one nation. Approving unity of historical destiny of all people of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania (VKL), the fatherlandists said about the preservation of the territorial integrity of “the historical Lithuania”. The final registration of “the fatherland idea” was significantly affected by the publications of Roman Skirmunt. His life and activities were inseparably linked with the Belarusian Polesye. In the booklets Nowe hasła w sprawie odrodzenia narodowości litewskiej (New slogans in the revival of the Lithuanian nationality) (Lvov, 1904) and Głos przeszłości i potrzeba chwili (A voice of the past and a time requirement) (Lvov, 1905) Roman Skirmunt proved an active presence of the “Rus’ ” in the political history of the VKL and its domination during a certain period in the cultural life. The concept “Rus’ ” in this interpretation was identified with the Belarusian land. The author disproved the Russian historians and politicians who said about the identity of the “Rus’ ” and Russia and tried to use the local orthodox inhabitants in interests of the Russian empire. In the political part of the conception by R. Skirmunt “Rus’ ” gradually turned into “Belarus” (1906). Its final transformation happened not in the author’s publicist works, but in his practical political activities.
subject: Straipsniai
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Aleksandr Smoliančiuk
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 197
ending page: 208
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.12

,,Zapomniane” Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie – kilka krytycznych uwag na temat przyczyn regresu pojęcia w historiografii polskiej XIX i XX wieku
type: item
description: It seems pondering on, of the 19th and 20th c. Polish historiography since the times of its creator Joachim Lelewel, that a term Grand Duchy of Lithuania occurs very rarely in the majority of popular outlines of the history of the ancient Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita – the Republic). It emerges mostly in the context of discussions concerning particular issues of the subsequent Polish-Lithuanian unions: at Krewo (1385), in Vilna-Radom (1401), Horodlo (1413), Grodno (1432), Vilna (1499), Mielnik (1501), and finally of the Lublin union (1569). Even the establishing of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the concluding of the so called ,,real” and final union at Lublin, was not mentioned and reflected in Polish historiography as an ultimate change of the character of the state, but rather as an enlargement of Polish elite influence on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which much earlier was already united with the Crown (or even incorporated to the Crown) through a dynastic union. Meaningful and visible tendency is resignation from using the term Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as well as of the term Commonwealth of Both Nations, and replacing it by a simple denomination Poland as a core. Therefore there is no purpose to look for any synthesis entitled a history of the first Commonwealth or a history of the ancient Commonwealth. Everywhere and every time other titles are requested in various modified versions: A History of Poland, An Outline of the History of Poland, the Polish History etc. Of course it has its own historical and serious justification concerning the pre Jagiellonian period, at least till the concluding of the Krewo union. But for the Jagiellon dynasty’ times and the period of the Commonwealth of Both Nations the resignation of this term seems very symptomatic and meaningful. Why the authors resigned of using the fruitful idea of the Commonwealth of Both Nations, in fact of many nations, the idea which in large scope although in a different m…
subject: Straipsniai
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creator: Leszek Zasztowt
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 185
ending page: 195
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.11

Lenkų ir lietuvių konfliktas XIX amžiaus pabaigoje–XX amžiaus pradžioje: senų koncepcijų atgimimas
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description: This article confronts recent debates in Lithuanian as well Polish historiography claiming that a conflict that arose in late 19th – early 20th century in Lithuania should be labelled not as a confrontation between Lithuanian and Polish Nationalisms but rather as a clash between „Old” and „New” Lithuanians. This article presents different types of collective identity in the period under discussion and claims that part of those persons who might be identified as „Old Lithuanians” were in a discussion with modern Lithuanian Nationalisms, but not in a conflict with it, and others used that argument about being Lithuanians just instrumentally. The main axis of the conflict lay between the modern Lithuanian movement and the modern Polish National movement.
subject: Straipsniai
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creator: Rimantas Miknys
creator: Darius Staliūnas
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 173
ending page: 184
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.10

Wkład militarny Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w dobie walk z powstaniem kozackim B. Chmielnickiego w 1648–1651
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description: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania similarly to the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland was surprised by incidents after defeats of field hetmans in battle of Korsuń and coming of Cossacks in Brześcian and Czernihow provinces in June 1648. Chmielnicki wanted his forces in Lithuania to absorb local commanders so he would be able to focus on struggles against Polish forces in Ukraine. In 1649 Lithuanian army defeated Cossacks army led by M.S. Krzyczewski of Łojów (31st July 1649) but because of lack of gun powder and big losses field hetman Janusz Radziwiłł definitely refused to go on Kiev. It downgraded relations between king John Kazimierz and hetman Radziwiłł. During campaign of 1651 Cossacks troops were bracked owing to victory of Lithuanian forces over Cossacks commanded by colonel Martyn Nebaba of Łojów (6th July) and seizure of Kiev. Janusz Radziwiłł’s triumphal entry into aforementioned city (4th August) did not end Lithuanian struggles with Cossacks that year; after joining the Crown Army they fought on Biała Cerkiew (23rd September). Lithuanian struggles against the Cossacks in 1648-1651 have shown how dangerous for Chmielnicki was cooperation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that forced him to divide his forces and enabled Lithuanians further military activities towards Kiev.
subject: Straipsniai
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creator: Mirosław Nagielski
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 151
ending page: 170
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.9

Великое княжество Литовское в политическом созна- нии украинского казачества середины XVII в.: постановка проблемы
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description: Problem of the Ukrainian-Lithuanian relations when Bohdan Khmelnitskiy was a hetman is not become a subject of special researches. Owing to what there are many questions demanding the lighting. Among them is study of the image of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (henceforce – GDL) in consciousness of Zaporozhye Cossacks. By the beginning of the Ukrainian national revolution (1648–1676) Ukrainian Cossacks saw in its political elite (especially of Protestant religion) the patrons and potential allies. Therefore ethnonym “litvin” (“Lithuanian”) didn’t cause any negative feelings and estimates by them that can’t be told about ethnonym “Pole” (“lyakh”) who was perceived as something potentially hostile. During revolutionary events of 1648 the Zaporozhye Army aimed, on the one hand, to maintain neutrality of the GDL, and with another – to extend their power to its southern part. Bohdan Khmelnytskiy supported at the beginning of 1649 Transylvanian princes Rakotsi’s project in creation of the anti-Polish coalition, which providing entry into its structure the GDL. But Y. Radzivill’s repressions against rebels and Cossaks in the south of the principality, and also the fidelity declared by the Lithuanian hetman to Jan Kazimir, became the reason for formation by B. Khmelnytsky and Cossack’s foremen a view upon the GDL as on the hostile state which should be destroyed.
subject: Straipsniai
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subject: -
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creator: Valeriy Stepankov
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 135
ending page: 149
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.8

Казачество Великого княжества Литовского (конец XV в. – 1569 гг.): социальный портрет
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description: This article attempts to show the social portrait of early Cossacks of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Documents are the main source of military service state Cossack’s. The paper analyzes three periods (1502–1503, 1524, 1534–1537) and the characteristic of nature of military service in the GDL. By comparative analysis the author comes to the conclusion that in the first third of the 16th century Cossacks is a real social group. The main social base of the Cossacks was the servants of the boyars. The causes of the formation of Cossacks’ are hiding in social change to GDL.
subject: Straipsniai
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subject: -
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creator: Boris Cherkas
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 123
ending page: 133
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.7

Казаки в белорусской исторической традиции и коллективной памяти
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description: The article analyzes the image of Cossack in Belarusian historiography and in collective memory. The author examines the role of the Belarusian Cossacks in the formation of Zaporozhye (Ukrainian) Cossacks. He also explores the Orthodox intellectuals’, who derived from Belarusian lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, attitude towards the Cossacks of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. At the same time Belarusian historian notices that in the middle of the 17th century Cossacks as well as their opponents in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania treated Ruthenian people in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in the Kingdom of Poland after the Union of Lublin in 1569 as one ethnocultural group, with common history, language and faith. Although “Cossacks project” in the Belarusian lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was not realized, the memory of the Cossacks remained in Belarusians memory in 18th century as well as in Belarusian folklore.
subject: Straipsniai
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subject: -
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creator: Igor Marzaliuk
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 109
ending page: 121
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.6

Водле обычая права земскаго: некоторые аспекты правовой культуры украинской элиты Великого княжества Литовского в достатутовый период
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description: The article deals with the some aspects of legal culture of the Ukrainian elite of the Grand Duchy of Lithuanian (henceforce – GDL) during the before Statutes period. The beginning of the legal culture formation of the population of the GDL put effective use of standards of the land charters [«ustavnaya zemskaya gramota»] in law. They became the main sources of the presented research. The main attention is paid to the analysis of such structural elements of legal culture, as culture of legal practice and culture of legal behavior. The author notes that the legal culture of the GDL during the before Statutes period is characterized by rather good level of progress both a culture of legal behavior, and culture of legal practice. Features of the person’s legal culture are separately considered. It is thus noted that introduction of the written legislation in the GDL from the second half of the 15th century considerably influenced upon increasing of the legal culture not only the state as a whole, but also on representatives of elite (princes, landowners and service nobility) including Ukrainian.
subject: Straipsniai
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subject: -
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creator: Dimitro Vaščuk
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 93
ending page: 106
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.5

Wilno jako Slavia orthodoxa czy Slavia unita w dziejach Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego do 1569 r.
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description: In the city of Vilnius, in the XIV-XVIII century there was a division into two territories: separately inhabited by Orthodox Ruthenians believers and separately Roman Catholics. The division ran the main road leading through the city communications from Rudnicka Gate, the Market, on Grodzka street to the castle of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania then the Great street and the Castle street to the castle of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania. In 1387, when the king gave Vilnius Magdeburg law, it concerned only a part inhabited by Catholics. Much of the “Russian city” from 1416 or 1419, was one of the metropolitans of Kiev. The spatial layout of the city was a counterweight to the area of the Roman Catholic bishops. Residents of the district of Russian metropolitans were subject to the jurisdiction of metropolitan officials. It had a cathedral-council (completely destroyed by the army of Moscow in 1655) dedicated to the Nativity of the Virgin Mary and several other churches that since 1596 all were in union with the Roman Catholic Church. In 1501, Alexander Jagiellon built a church dedicated to the St Anna, whose architecture combined thread of Gothic – typical features of Roman Catholicism with the Moscow architecture of the time. It can be assumed that it was to be an ecumenical church, combining the two religions. Hence its unique architecture. In 1514, Hetman Konstanty Ostrogski victory over the forces of the Moscow. To Vilnius, winner with King Zygmunt I, entered through the Gate of Dawn, which has since become the principal gate of the city parade. Ostrogski built in “the city of Rus’ two thanksgiving brick churches - St. Trinity and Holy Nicholas Relics and rebuilt the ruined east cathedral. Also religious disputes ended, when in 1511, the king approved the Orthodox law.
subject: Straipsniai
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subject: -
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creator: Józef Maroszek
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 81
ending page: 91
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.4

Pirmoji Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštijoje lietuviškai spausdinta (katalikiška) knyga: hipotetinis 1585 metų ar Mikalojaus Daukšos 1595 metų katekizmas?
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description: The author critically examines two primary sources (written or published in 1589 and 1605) which have long been used as evidence indicating the putative Lithuanian edition of Peter Canisius’ Catechism which was assumed to have been printed in Vilnius or elsewhere in c. 1585, and in doing so he demonstrates that this hypothesis is not inevitably necessary for making sense of these two primary sources. Mikalojus Daukša’s Catechism of 1595 is to be viewed as the first (Catholic) book in Lithuanian printed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
subject: Straipsniai
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subject: -
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creator: Sergejus Temčinas
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 61
ending page: 79
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.3

Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštija kaip atminties vieta: Liudviko Abramovičiaus ir Juzefo Mackievičiaus atvejai
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description: This article intents to reveal the coherence between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a „place of memory” and krajowcy ideology. In interwar period Ludwik Abramovich (1879–1939) was one of the most prominent architect and representative of the krajowcy ideology (next to Michał Pius Römer), the publisher and chief editor of the weekly magazine of Vilnius „Przegląd Wileński” in 1912–1914 and 1921–1938. Józef Mackiewicz (1902–1985) was famous writer and publicist, who advisedly assigned himself to the krajowcy stream, the journalist of Vilnius newspaper „Slowo” in 1922–1939, the editor of the daily newspaper „Gazeta Codzienna“ (this daily newspaper was krajowcy trend) in 1939–1940. These two persons were chosen as the representatives of krajowcy ideology. J. Mackiewicz has emphasized, that he believed being the successor of L. Abramovich ideas. Therefore, the comparison of those two personalities’ attitudes towards the tradition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is interesting and scientifically valuable. The chronological frames, when we analyze L. Abramovich ideas, restricts to the inter-war period, from 1921–1922, when, according to his opinion, the most realistic chance to restore political unity of the former lands of the Grand duchy of Lithuania has gone (The Peace of Riga, also known as the Treaty of Riga, was signed in 1921 between the Soviet union and Poland. Vilnius and East Lithuania was nominally incorporated into Poland in 1922.) In the case of J. Mackiewicz the main attention is focused on his inter-war publicistic writings and on some publications of the Second World War and post-war period. As L. Abramovich so J. Mackiewicz tried to take the most valuable or universal characters of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’ historical tradition. Apparently, they were influenced by the constantly repeated charges that krajowcy were going to resurrect what has been dead for a long. On the other hand, they were not so naive and idealistic. They really did not think that L…
subject: Straipsniai
  topic: section
subject: -
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creator: Ryšard Gaidis
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 45
ending page: 58
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.2

Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštija – tautų atminties vieta: nuo istoriografinio mandagumo prie Septynknygės idėjos
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description: The article is formally dedicated to review the source and theoretical of the several years ongoing Vilnius University’s project “Tradition, image and modern identities of the GDL”. In the post communist epoch the image of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was determined by the outlook of the traditions of mono-perspective national historiographies. The Great narratives of these traditions produced a separating (splitting) effect of the GDL’ history, culture and heritage, which was accurately called “splinters of broken mirror”. In order to overcome this “splinter” effect, which was determined by the optics of national historiographies, it was aimed to demonstrate the multiculturalism of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and its homogeneous cultural forms. The purpose was also to reveal how the ideas evolved in the course of contacts with the colleagues and partners historians from Lithuania and neighbouring countries – Poland, Belarus, the Ukraine, Russia and etc., who understand the subjectivity of the GDL’ history. This evolution can be described as follows: from historiographical “courtesy” to poli-perspective view of the GDL’s history. This leads to the idea that the application of theory “realm of memories” could create a new form of synthesis – “Heptateuch”. It would not level different approaches but rather make them public in the greatest extend presenting traditional monoperspective as well as new dialogistical attitudes and rejecting those parts of historical chronicles which do not contain intersection of different narratives and thus do not become the realm of memories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
subject: Straipsniai
  topic: section
subject: -
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creator: Alfredas Bumblauskas
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 17
ending page: 43
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.1

Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštija ir jos fenomenai – moderniųjų tautų atminties vietos (idėjų sąrašas)
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description: -
subject: Kita
  topic: section
subject: -
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creator: Alfredas Bumblauskas
creator: Mangirdas Bumblauskas
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 260
ending page: 304
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.17

Autoriai
type: item
description: -
subject: Kita
  topic: section
subject: -
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creator: Alfredas Bumblauskas
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 259
ending page: 259

Santraukos
type: item
description: -
subject: Kita
  topic: section
subject: -
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creator: Alfredas Bumblauskas
rights: Autorių teisių (c) 2013 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 249
ending page: 258
doi: 10.15388/VUOS.2013.2.16