Tautosakos darbai
type: channel
description: Įkurtas 1935 m. Žurnalą leidžia Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas. Skirtas folkloro, mitologijos, kultūrinės antropologijos, etnologijos ir kitų susijusių sričių tyrimams, reikšmingiems kultūros istorijai ir šiuolaikiniams jos procesams pažinti.
publisher: The Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore / Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas
language: en
publication name: Tautosakos darbai
issn: 1392-2831
items: A Proverb Revival? On Current Proverb Use in the German-Speaking Part of Switzerland
items: On Anti-paremias of the Covid-19 Period in Lithuanian and Latvian
items: The Contemporary Use of Riddles: Riddles in Fiction and Theatre (Based on the Example of Rimantas Kmita)
items: Riddles in East Baltic and West Slavic Folktales
items: Proverbs, Charms and Religious Folktales: A Dialogue of Genres
items: Interdictions in Lithuanian Paremias: Links with Mythological Beliefs
items: The Concepts of TRUTH and LIE in Lithuanian, Polish and English Proverbs: A Comparative Analysis
items: Uzbek Proverbs Containing Currencies: Diachronic Analysis
items: Work Praises the Master: The Concept of Work in Slovenia
items: Beyond Entertainment, What Advice and Sociocultural Values do Nzema Riddles Convey?
items: “The windy day isn’t the day for thatching”: An Irish Proverb and its Wider Links
items: Voices of Wisdom: The Portuguese Example of José Leite de Vasconcellos
items: Three Proverbial Triads: Sapiential Imperatives for a Peaceful Existence
items: Matti Kuusi’s Classification of Proverbs as a Proverbial Worldview
items: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of the Study of Vernacular Proverbs
items: Small Genres of Folklore in Lithuanian Folkloristics: The Legacy of Kazys Grigas
items: Foreword
items: Editorial Board and Table of Contents
items: Information
items: Full bibliography of Tautosakos darbai / Folklore studies: 2021–2025 (vols. 61–70)
items: “Everyone Plays Their Own Pipe”: Reflections on the Study of Brass Bands in Lithuanian Culture
items: The First Monograph Dedicated to Riddle
items: From the Absence of Love to the Lasting Connection: Publication of Janina Degutytė’s Letters
items: A Short Story about a Great Story about Life Stories
items: The Artistic Expression of Folk Musician Jonas Širvys: An Anthropological Study
items: Outcasts and Rivals: Stereotypes of Single Mothers in the Media and Life Stories
items: Reflection on Partisan War and Images of the Enemy in the Publication Prie rymančio Rūpintojėlio (1949–1953)
items: The Limits of the Vernacular: Censorship of Vulgarisms in the Publishing Process of Kristijonas Donelaitis’ Works
items: Preface

A Proverb Revival? On Current Proverb Use in the German-Speaking Part of Switzerland
type: item
description: <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The paper’s main objective is to examine the current paremiological situation in the German-speaking part of Switzerland and to investigate to what extent proverbs are present in modern language use, the specific areas and contexts in which they play an essential role, and whether they are used more often in their original or modified forms. <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">For this purpose, a corpus of examples illustrating the current use of traditional and modern proverbs, as well as their deliberate innovations, was analysed from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. The examples were collected between 2019 and 2025 as part of a small field research project in the Swiss cantons of Basel City, Basel Country, Berne, and Solothurn. <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; whit…
subject: Representations of small genres in the contemporary world
  topic: section
subject: traditional and modern proverbs
  topic: keywords
subject: proverb modifications
  topic: keywords
subject: current paremiological situation in Switzerland
  topic: keywords
subject: proverb revival
  topic: keywords
creator: Hrisztalina Hrisztova-Gotthardt
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 298
ending page: 315
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.17

On Anti-paremias of the Covid-19 Period in Lithuanian and Latvian
type: item
description: <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The article explores anti-paremias in Lithuanian and Latvian that reflect Covid-19 pandemic realities and people’s attitudes towards them. The term anti-paremia is perceived here as purposeful transformation of traditional paremias, i.e. proverbial phrases, proverbs, aphorisms, sententious utterances, phraseologisms, and quotations of literary origin. The study’s empirical material was collected from online written texts and images including official social advertising campaigns and anti-paremias created by individuals. <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Anti-paremias here are examined based on two aspects: in accordance with types of paremia transformation (substitution of one/several words or parts of a sentence, supplementation, reduction, cross-contamination of several paremias following the classification of the Polish scientist Anna Gabryel, applied to the analysis of German anti-proverbs of the Covid-19 pandemic period); and according to semantic grouping of anti-paremias in Covid-19 pandemic narratives. Many researchers follow similar classifications, whereas this study is based…
subject: Representations of small genres in the contemporary world
  topic: section
subject: anti-paremia
  topic: keywords
subject: paremia transformations
  topic: keywords
subject: semantic groups of anti-paremias
  topic: keywords
subject: Covid-19 pandemic
  topic: keywords
creator: Evija Liparte
creator: Daiva Zavistanavičienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 277
ending page: 297
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.16

The Contemporary Use of Riddles: Riddles in Fiction and Theatre (Based on the Example of Rimantas Kmita)
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This article examines the contemporary use of riddles in creative professional works, such as fiction and theatre. The works of the popular contemporary Lithuanian writer Rimantas Kmita contain many riddles, and so as he offers an exceptional illustration of this phenomenon he was chosen as the basis for the analysis. The following three works were selected: the novel <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Remyga<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> (2020), the play of the same name (premiere 2020, dir. Oskaras Koršunovas), and the comic book <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; or…
subject: Representations of small genres in the contemporary world
  topic: section
subject: riddles
  topic: keywords
subject: the riddle of the Sphinx
  topic: keywords
subject: novel
  topic: keywords
subject: comic book
  topic: keywords
subject: theatre
  topic: keywords
creator: Aelita Kensminienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 257
ending page: 276
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.15

Riddles in East Baltic and West Slavic Folktales
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Unlike riddle compilations, which typically present fixed questions and their answers with minimal information about the riddles’ origin or narrative function, folktales offer a rich context for gaining deeper insight into how riddles emerge, operate and acquire meaning. This study explores the prevalence and characteristics of riddles within a corpus of 1914 folktales from East Baltic and West Slavic traditions, specifically from Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechia and Slovakia, focusing mainly on those written down in the 19<sup style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">th<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> century and at the beginning of the 20<sup style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; …
subject: Interactions of small genres with other folklore forms
  topic: section
subject: folktales
  topic: keywords
subject: riddles
  topic: keywords
subject: Baltic
  topic: keywords
subject: Slavic
  topic: keywords
creator: Inese Pintāne
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 233
ending page: 256
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.14

Proverbs, Charms and Religious Folktales: A Dialogue of Genres
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The phenomenon of some short folklore genres being included in broader folktales is quite frequent. In this paper we examine the relationship between proverbs, a particular charm, and two religious folktales from older folkloristic sources, mainly from the first half of the 20<sup style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">th<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> century, and contemporary online conversations in a Facebook group with the title <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-te…
subject: Interactions of small genres with other folklore forms
  topic: section
subject: genre
  topic: keywords
subject: charms
  topic: keywords
subject: proverbs
  topic: keywords
subject: folktales
  topic: keywords
subject: ATU
  topic: keywords
subject: oral literary criticism
  topic: keywords
creator: Emmanouela Katrinaki
creator: Georgios Tserpes
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 219
ending page: 232
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.13

Interdictions in Lithuanian Paremias: Links with Mythological Beliefs
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The article focuses on two types of conversational genre: proverbs and beliefs. The study aims to highlight three aspects of Lithuanian paremias: the establishment of certain social norms through interdiction, the expression of a mythological mindset through imagery, and interaction with another genre of short folklore, namely, belief. The article analyses proverbs related to the mythological mindset, grouping them into eight different themes. The study also discusses aspects of the expression of interdictive proverbs. Reviewing the entire collection of Lithuanian mythological paremias with interdictions shows that some belief and proverb texts are identical or very similar in form. In such cases, attribution to the particular genre of folklore depends on the context in which these texts are used.
subject: Interactions of small genres with other folklore forms
  topic: section
subject: conversational folklore
  topic: keywords
subject: beliefs
  topic: keywords
subject: mythological mindset
  topic: keywords
subject: paremiology
  topic: keywords
subject: social norms
  topic: keywords
subject: interaction of genres
  topic: keywords
creator: Vita Džekčioriūtė
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 200
ending page: 218
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.12

The Concepts of TRUTH and LIE in Lithuanian, Polish and English Proverbs: A Comparative Analysis
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">In cultural linguistics, proverbs and proverbial sayings serve as textual data, offering a diachronic view: being old, popular among various layers of society and repetitive, they reflect and shape a nation’s culture, stereotypes and axiological system, and are thus considered a great tool for the analysis of a society’s linguo-cultural worldview. This article aims to compare the conceptualisation of TRUTH and LIE in Lithuanian, English and Polish proverbs. The data consist of proverbs with the keywords <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">truth<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> and <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal…
subject: Small genres of folklore as reflections of worldviews
  topic: section
subject: proverbs and proverbial sayings
  topic: keywords
subject: concepts
  topic: keywords
subject: truth
  topic: keywords
subject: lie
  topic: keywords
subject: ethnolinguistic analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Irena Snukiškienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 185
ending page: 199
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.11

Uzbek Proverbs Containing Currencies: Diachronic Analysis
type: item
description: <p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">A diachronic analysis of proverbs provides scientifically valuable results that help us to understand not only the message of the proverb, but also the original meanings of the components, such as words for currencies, from the nation’s non-recent and recent history, including that of the Uzbek nation. Currency words are special with different functions in the structures and meanings of several Uzbek proverbs, which are often seen or heard in contemporary communication in Uzbek society. In addition, finding equivalents in English expands the scope of the Uzbek language, mentality, culture and history to a number of other countries. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This paper is devoted to the investigation of Uzbek national proverbs that have the names of ancient (miri, hemir, paqir, kepak, chaqa) and much more contemporary (pul, tiyin, so‘m) currencies in their structures. More specifically, 26 Uzbek proverbs were chosen according to their currency components, and analysed in chronological order taking the approximate usage period of the currency into account. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New…
subject: Small genres of folklore as reflections of worldviews
  topic: section
subject: proverb
  topic: keywords
subject: diachronic approach
  topic: keywords
subject: proverbial structure
  topic: keywords
subject: cultureme
  topic: keywords
subject: conceptual metaphor
  topic: keywords
subject: kernel
  topic: keywords
creator: Nargiza Abdullaeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 170
ending page: 184
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.10

Work Praises the Master: The Concept of Work in Slovenia
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Short folklore forms, like proverbs and riddles with integrated metaphors and stereotypes, capture diachronic reflections of the surroundings, including the economic situation and societal values. The economy and economic activity as a dominant part of everyday life is a very important factor in family life. In contemporary ethnology, “everyday” is used to mean the “culture of the many”, the banal, widespread phenomena of culture. More broadly, it represents both the universal and the most one of a kind, the social and the personal spheres of life. Everyday life most faithfully reflects how life and the world are understood. This article focuses on the concept of work in everyday life and its representation in Slovenian short folklore forms, specifically proverbs and riddles, which are analysed across nine thematic groups. This ethnolinguistic study uses the proverb archive at the ZRC SAZU Institute of Slovenian Ethnology.
subject: Small genres of folklore as reflections of worldviews
  topic: section
subject: short folklore form
  topic: keywords
subject: proverb
  topic: keywords
subject: riddle
  topic: keywords
subject: work
  topic: keywords
subject: everyday
  topic: keywords
subject: Slovenian folklore
  topic: keywords
creator: Saša Babič
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 156
ending page: 169
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.09

Beyond Entertainment, What Advice and Sociocultural Values do Nzema Riddles Convey?
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Across languages and cultures, the indigenous cultural knowledge and advisory messages entrenched in proverbs, for instance, have been extensively explored. However, the important role riddles play in imparting cultural values and behavioural principles in children and adults, especially among the Nzema, is seemingly neglected. Particularly, the absence of an investigation of Nzema riddles results in the lack of understanding of an important aspect of the Nzema oral tradition, and how the riddle genre is used to teach morality. This necessitates the present study to fill a crucial gap. Drawing on the cultural-linguistics framework, this article presents a qualitative analysis of twenty Nzema folk riddles collected from oral and written sources. The findings demonstrate that, like proverbs and folktales, significant cultural values and philosophies are also ingrained in riddles. I argue that, as in other African cultures, Nzema riddles are not merely a means of entertaining people and testing one’s cogitative capacity. Rather, they are based largely on the conceptualisations of plant and animal lives, including other entities within the ecosystem to teach sociocultural values and virtues such as patience, hard work, cooperation, tolerance, transparency and fairness, good leadership, and taking precautions. Some Nzema riddles also advise people against incest and defilement.
subject: Small genres of folklore as reflections of worldviews
  topic: section
subject: Nzema
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural values
  topic: keywords
subject: oral literature
  topic: keywords
subject: riddles
  topic: keywords
subject: advisory messages
  topic: keywords
subject: morality
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed Yakub
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 139
ending page: 155
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.08

“The windy day isn’t the day for thatching”: An Irish Proverb and its Wider Links
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">In line with Professor Kazys Grigas’s work on proverbs in Lithuania and their place in the overall European body, my article looks at one widespread proverb in Ireland: “<em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Ní hé lá na gaoithe lá na scolb<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">” (The windy day isn’t the thatching day) with a similar approach. Not only are there many examples of it in oral tradition in both Irish and English, but several variants within the island, one of which, the one quoted, mentions a regional kind of thatching. As well as variants and how their distribution ties in with the material culture, I look at parallels, such as “<em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; fon…
subject: Small genres in local and historical contexts
  topic: section
subject: Irish
  topic: keywords
subject: proverbs
  topic: keywords
subject: scollop (scolb)
  topic: keywords
subject: Scottish Gaelic
  topic: keywords
subject: thatched roofs
  topic: keywords
subject: variants
  topic: keywords
creator: Fionnuala Carson Williams
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 127
ending page: 138
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.07

Voices of Wisdom: The Portuguese Example of José Leite de Vasconcellos
type: item
description: <p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Marking memories from decades and decades is giving voice to proverbial wisdom at a local, regional, national and international level. During this time, continued activities in the field of paremiology were defined with a desire for rapprochement between generations, based on the maturity of concepts and the creativity that this theme involves. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This article aims to demonstrate how individuals dedicated to preserving cultural heritage by documenting customs, habits and cultural experiences contribute to their preservation and help reveal and comprehend the national worldview. It focuses primarily on the work of the Portuguese philologist, archaeologist and ethnographer José Leite de Vasconcellos (1858–1941). As well as his contributions to linguistics, ethnography, and paremiology his work was characterised by a profound national consciousness, as he applied the achievements of universal science to the Portuguese countryside. This opened up new perspectives for science in Portugal. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; f…
subject: Small genres in local and historical contexts
  topic: section
subject: paremiology
  topic: keywords
subject: proverbs
  topic: keywords
subject: wisdom
  topic: keywords
subject: José Leite de Vasconcellos
  topic: keywords
creator: Marinela Soares
creator: Rui Soares
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 114
ending page: 126
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.06

Three Proverbial Triads: Sapiential Imperatives for a Peaceful Existence
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The number three has played a major role in cultural, folkloric, and linguistic tradition. There are numerous proverbs based on a triadic structure in various languages dating back to antiquity and continuing to this day. But there are also so-called proverbial triads consisting of but a string of three words like “<em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Veni, vidi, vici<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">”, “<em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white…
subject: Small genres in local and historical contexts
  topic: section
subject: American
  topic: keywords
subject: democracy
  topic: keywords
subject: politics
  topic: keywords
subject: proverb
  topic: keywords
subject: triad
  topic: keywords
creator: Wolfgang Mieder
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 80
ending page: 113
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.05

Matti Kuusi’s Classification of Proverbs as a Proverbial Worldview
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Academician Matti Kuusi saw Finland as a convenient vantage point from which to make an international comparison of proverbs. His international type system of proverbs, which is online and free to use, is a comprehensive mapping of the human lifecycle, living conditions and social interaction. Kuusi’s typology can be regarded as a suggestion for a general pattern of worldviews maintained by proverb lore. The concept of proverbial worldview will be defined in this article. An analysis of Kuusi’s categorisation of proverbs comparing it with the main functions of proverb use in social interaction sheds light on the universal and national character of the proverb genre.
subject: Small genres in theory and practice
  topic: section
subject: paremiology
  topic: keywords
subject: proverbs
  topic: keywords
subject: classification
  topic: keywords
subject: databases
  topic: keywords
subject: worldview
  topic: keywords
subject: Matti Kuusi
  topic: keywords
creator: Outi Lauhakangas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 63
ending page: 79
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.04

Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of the Study of Vernacular Proverbs
type: item
description: <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">A vernacular proverb is a part of common language in everyday use. It is used or referred to if it lends some additional value to a speech situation. In folklore studies, the approach to proverbs comes from how people understand and use them. This article concentrates on proverbs used in Finnish everyday life in the 20th and 21st centuries. <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Finding relevant research material and interpreting proverbs take centre stage in the study of everyday proverbs in common language within their contexts of use. The main questions raised in this article can be summarised as four points. The first point is to decide the definition of a proverb used in everyday practices and common language. The second point is where to find proverbs in everyday use and vernacular language. Connected to this, the third point is how to identify them in the contexts of use. The fourth point, which may be the most demanding task, is to understand how a proverb has been interpreted and to what ends it has been used in different environments and circumstances. The article presents challen…
subject: Small genres in theory and practice
  topic: section
subject: proverb
  topic: keywords
subject: everyday life
  topic: keywords
subject: interpretation
  topic: keywords
subject: context
  topic: keywords
subject: possible worlds semantics
  topic: keywords
subject: vernacular language
  topic: keywords
creator: Liisa Granbom-Herranen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 49
ending page: 62
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.03

Small Genres of Folklore in Lithuanian Folkloristics: The Legacy of Kazys Grigas
type: item
description: <p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Since the early days of Lithuanian folklore studies, small genres of folklore or so-called ‘minor folklore’ (smulkioji tautosaka), united by their brevity, have been considered a distinct type of folklore alongside folksongs and folk narratives. It is only in the 21st century, however, that small genres have been categorised as a form of oral folklore (sakytinė tautosaka). Professor Kazys Grigas is one of the few Lithuanian folklorists to have undertaken the task of describing and publishing them. Over time, he also established himself as Lithuania’s leading paremiologist. He did all the essential work necessary for researching proverbs and proverbial phrases, such as collecting, systematising and publishing them. Advocating historical-geographical and aesthetic methods, Grigas established a strong tradition of comparative proverb research in Lithuanian folkloristics. <p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This article looks at the place of small genres in the wider system of Lithuanian folklore as it has developed over time in the context of Lithuanian folklore studies. It discusses the most significant research on…
subject: Small genres in theory and practice
  topic: section
subject: Lithuanian folklore
  topic: keywords
subject: Kazys Grigas
  topic: keywords
subject: paremiology
  topic: keywords
subject: proverbs
  topic: keywords
subject: proverbial phrases
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative studies
  topic: keywords
creator: Dalia Zaikauskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 19
ending page: 48
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.02

Foreword
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Dalia Zaikauskienė
creator: Vita Džekčioriūtė
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 7
ending page: 18
doi: 10.51554/TD.26.71.01

Editorial Board and Table of Contents
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Vilma Daugirdaitė
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-20
publication date: 2026-07-20
starting page: 1
ending page: 6

Information
type: item
description: -
subject: Information
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Greta Paskočiumaitė-Petruškevičienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 185
ending page: 187

Full bibliography of Tautosakos darbai / Folklore studies: 2021–2025 (vols. 61–70)
type: item
description: 2015 m., minint mokslo žurnalo Tautosakos darbai aštuoniasdešimtmetį ir leidžiant jubiliejinį, 50-ąjį, tomą, sumanyta parengti leidinio bibliografiją, apimančią visus 1935–2015 m. išėjusius tomus. Kadangi aprašant atskiras bibliografines nuorodas buvo nukrypstama nuo griežtų bibliografijos pateikimo reikalavimų, įtraukta daugiau informacijos, nei įprasta, darbas pavadintas bibliografiniu duomenynu1. Po penkerių metų publikuotas tęsinys – „Tautosakos darbų bibliografinis duomenynas: 2016–2020 (t. 51–60)“2, o šiame tome skelbiama 2021–2025 m. išėjusių leidinio numerių bibliografija, paliekant pasirinktą modelį (tomų turiniai sudedami pamečiui) ir tęstinę numeraciją. Aprašant atskirus tomus laikomasi ankstesnės struktūros: straipsniai, folkloro, archyvinės medžiagos publikacijos, įvairūs informaciniai reportažai ir kt. išdėliojami pagal tam tikras tekstų žanrą ar paskirtį nurodančias antraštes; bibliografiniai publikacijų aprašai registruojami abėcėlės tvarka pagal autorių pavardes, šaltinių – pagal pavadinimą. Bibliografiškai aprašant atskiras publikacijas pateikiama visa su konkrečiu tekstu susijusi informacija: aprašo pabaigoje laužtiniuose skliaustuose, be pagrindinės informacijos apie santrauką (ta kalba, kuria ji parašyta), priedus, rodykles, iliustracijas ir kt., teikiamos nuorodos į kitus tekstus (skyrium skelbiamą susijusį autoriaus straipsnį arba parengtą šaltinį) ir pan. Bibliografinio duomenyno pabaigoje pateikiamas Tautosakos darbų 61–70 numerių parengėjų sąrašas (p. 199), pagalbinė asmenvardžių rodyklė (p. 199–201).
subject: Other
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Vilma Daugirdaitė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 188
ending page: 201
doi: 10.51554/TD.25.70.11

“Everyone Plays Their Own Pipe”: Reflections on the Study of Brass Bands in Lithuanian Culture
type: item
description: <p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Rūta Žarskienė, Pučiamųjų instrumentų ansambliai ir orkestrai tradicinėje Lietuvos kultūroje, [knygą parengė ir santrauką parašė Austė Nakienė], Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2024, 304 p., ISBN 978-609-425-391-1
subject: Reviews, Annotations
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Jonas Mardosa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 174
ending page: 184
doi: 10.51554/TD.25.70.10

The First Monograph Dedicated to Riddle
type: item
description: <p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Aelita Kensminienė, Lietuvių mįslės: Funkcionavimas ir poetika, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2024, 559 p., ISBN 978-609-425-384-3
subject: Reviews, Annotations
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Laima Anglickienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 167
ending page: 173
doi: 10.51554/TD.25.70.09

From the Absence of Love to the Lasting Connection: Publication of Janina Degutytė’s Letters
type: item
description: <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Janinos Degutytės laiškynas<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">, sudarė Giedrė Šmitienė, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2025. – 3 knygos: kn. 1: <em style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Nemeilės šešėly: susirašinėjimas su motina Janina Degutiene<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-col…
subject: Reviews, Annotations
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Žydronė Kolevinskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 158
ending page: 166
doi: 10.51554/TD.25.70.08

A Short Story about a Great Story about Life Stories
type: item
description: Jurga Jonutytė, Sniego spalva per balta. Norma ir galia sakytiniuose diskursuose, Vilnius: Hubris, 2025, 342 p., ISBN 978-609-8280-86-9
subject: Reviews, Annotations
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Aistė Kučinskienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 152
ending page: 157
doi: 10.51554/TD.25.70.07

The Artistic Expression of Folk Musician Jonas Širvys: An Anthropological Study
type: item
description: -
subject: Publications
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Gražina Daunoravičienė-Žuklytė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 123
ending page: 151
doi: 10.51554/TD.25.70.06

Outcasts and Rivals: Stereotypes of Single Mothers in the Media and Life Stories
type: item
description: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The article examines the personal experiences of single mothers and the surrounding public opinion and media environment, which both reflects and influences the world mothers live in. Single mothers, as a vulnerable group in society, are associated with stereotypes and prejudices in the media and in comments from relatives. It is true that until now most topics related to motherhood, fatherhood, and family structure are usually studied separately in the fields of sociology, family policy, law and psychology, but the disciplines of ethnology and cultural anthropology could provide a deeper look into being a single mother and offer a more complex analysis, showing how social, psychological, legal and communication aspects are closely interconnected and experienced in individual situations. For the research, I analyzed media content and collected personal life stories of single mothers in the form of interviews about their daily experiences and how their environment affects them. Here, I analyze excerpts from nine such interviews and my own articulated experience, delving deeper into it from the perspective of semiotic and phenomenological anthropology. The aim of the analysis is to reveal how these experiences are expressed and what personal, social and cultural aspects they may reveal, thus seeking to better understand the phenomenon of being a single mother.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: single mother
  topic: keywords
subject: motherhood
  topic: keywords
subject: stereotypes
  topic: keywords
subject: research on everyday practices
  topic: keywords
subject: phenomenological anthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: media content analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Rūta Latinytė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 83
ending page: 105
doi: 10.51554/TD.25.70.04

Reflection on Partisan War and Images of the Enemy in the Publication Prie rymančio Rūpintojėlio (1949–1953)
type: item
description: <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The article analyzes the content of the periodical of the Lithuanian Freedom Fight Movement, Prie rymančio Rūpintojėlio (1949–1953). The periodical is perceived as an instrument that formed the collective identity of the partisans and represented an ideologically tinted narrative of the partisan war, designed to strengthen the determination of the fighters to resist and provide a contrast to the myths spread by the Soviet propaganda. <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Based on the documents of the partisan leadership, it can be stated that the newspaper was regarded as exemplary for all the partisan units, conveying the leadership’s attitude to the struggle and shaping the images of the partisans and their enemies. The title of the publication [‘By the pensive Christ’] suggests the activities of the partisans being inseparable from the Christian values. Attention is also paid to determination, the importance of public support, and fearlessness, which highlight the idealized image of the fighter. <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; fo…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lithuanian partisan war
  topic: keywords
subject: underground resistance press
  topic: keywords
subject: partisan narrative
  topic: keywords
subject: collective identity
  topic: keywords
creator: Greta Paskočiumaitė-Petruškevičienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 46
ending page: 63
doi: 10.51554/TD.25.70.02

The Limits of the Vernacular: Censorship of Vulgarisms in the Publishing Process of Kristijonas Donelaitis’ Works
type: item
description: <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The article analyzes expurgation and euphemization of rough vernacular lexis and phraseologisms in the process of publishing Kristijonas Donelaitis’ works in the 19th–20th centuries. Most frequently, words indicating the processes of physiological excretion, and phraseologisms formed using them were cut out or changed. All cases of euphemization of K. Donelaitis’ vulgarisms are discussed in the article, explaining how they changed the style, semantics and meter of the poetic work. <p lang="en-GB" style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Using Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical approach to the sociology of language, the article examines the linguistic attitudes of the editors of K. Donelaitis’ works in the sociocultural context of the time. It is assumed that the editors’ decision to remove vulgarisms from K. Donelaitis’ works could also have been influenced by their desire to ensure the poet a central position in the canon of national literature. Although this article focuses on censorship of K. Donelaitis’ vulgarisms, it reflects the general dynamics of restrictions imposed on vernacular lexis that took place in…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kristijonas Donelaitis
  topic: keywords
subject: vulgarism
  topic: keywords
subject: censorship
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic habitus
  topic: keywords
subject: canon
  topic: keywords
creator: Viktorija Šeina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 11
ending page: 45
doi: 10.51554/TD.25.70.01

Preface
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Modesta Liugaitė-Černiauskienė
creator: Jurgita Ūsaitytė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 7
ending page: 10

Editorial Board and Table of Contents
type: item
description: -
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Vilma Daugirdaitė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 6