On the origin of cone terms
Articles
Saulius Ambrazas
Institute of the Lithuanian Language image/svg+xml
Published 2026-01-28
https://doi.org/10.15388/Baltistica.45.1.1069
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Keywords

lietuvių kalba
kankorėžių pavadinimai
leksika

How to Cite

Ambrazas, S. (tran.) (2026) “On the origin of cone terms”, Baltistica, 45(1), pp. 95–104. doi:10.15388/Baltistica.45.1.1069.

Abstract

Algirdas Sabaliauskas (1972) on the basis of the rough copy of the maps of the Atlas of the Lithuanian language (cf. Lietuvių kalbos atlasas 1, Map 93) established, that čiū̃tė ‘cone’ (used in the Western part of North Low Lithuanian dialect not far from the area where kiaũlėkiaulẽlėkiaulìkė have the meaning of cone) is formed not from čečkačyčka, the varriants of Slavic borrowing šyškà (characteristic of some West High Lithuanian dialects), as Ernst Fraenkel (1955–1965, 72, 77) thought, but from onomatopoeic names of pig, cf. Lith. čiúotėčiúotisčiūkàčiū̃kas, Latv. čūčis.

During preparation of Atlas of the Baltic Languages the revision has been made of other cone terms in Lithuanian dialects. The greatest part of them is also formed from onomatopoeic words, cf.  kukùtis (: kùkti ‘give a scream, utter’, kaũkti ‘howl, wail, hoot’), gurgùtis (: gur̃gti ‘rumble, grumble’), burkùtis (: bur̃kti ‘purr, mutter; gramble’, burkúoti ‘coo, purr’), baubùkas (: baũbti ‘moo, bellow, roar’), bū̃kasbùkas (: baũkti ‘moo, bellow, roar; bleat, baa; shout, shriek’, bū̃kti ‘bleat, baa, moo’) a. o.

In the similar way the origin of the older cone terms has been explained: Lith. kìrkužė, Latv. cirkuzis ‘cone’  (cf. Lith. kir̃kti ‘cluck; weep; croak; squeak, creak’, Latv. cir̃kstêt ‘chirp, chirr; squeak, creak’), Lith. kankórėžis ‘cone’ (cf. kañkalas ‘clapper’ and rė́žti ‘cut, curve’), Lith. skujà ‘needle; cone’, Latv. skuja ‘needle’ (cf. Lith. skuĩstas ‘bush; pine forest’, skuĩstis ‘thick-set fir-grove’; kuĩstas ‘bush’, kuĩtaskuĩtis ‘thick-set coniferous forest’; skuĩsti ‘play pranks, be naughty, romp, rage, rave’, kuĩsti ‘rummage, ransack; dig up the ground; rush’, Latv. skuitskuju ‘shave, scrape, peel; cut, clip; clean’).

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