Stalking and its Victims
Articles
Ilona Michailovič
Vilnius University
Published 2018-12-28
https://doi.org/10.15388/Im.2018.82.6
PDF

Keywords

stalking,
victims and stalkers
criminalization of stalking
reaction and prevention

How to Cite

Michailovič, I. (2018). Stalking and its Victims. Information & Media, 82, 86-96. https://doi.org/10.15388/Im.2018.82.6

Abstract

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

Stalking is a complex social phenomenon that can take on many different forms. Stalking is a vicious, subtle and devastating crime, and the victims of stalking seem to suffer long-lasting consequences. A clear relationship emerges between the functioning and dissemination of gender stereotypes and stalking as a form of gender-based violence. In this study, the way in which stalking occurs is discussed, and the defendants’ and victims’ backgrounds are taken into account. This article discusses the criminalization of stalking, the reasons for stalking being criminalized and the sanctions applied for stalking.

This article also addresses a range of issues that expressly substantiate a need for effective measures to be taken against stalking. The prevention of stalking is certainly a long process and cannot be done without the inspiration and activity from the state police, non-governmental organizations and the collaborations of victims, which are all essential if law enforcement agents are to gather useful information and understand the exact nature of the occurrences. Hence, more research needs to be conducted in this field. Additional attention, research and training are required to better understand the most effective responses to reduce the risk of recidivism.

PDF

References

BALDRY, Anna Constanza; CINQUEGRANA, Vincenza; CACACE, Sonya; CRAPOLICCHIO, Eleonora (2016). Victim’s perception of quality of help and support by the police issuing warnings orders in ex intimate partner stalking cases in Italy. Policing: a Journal of Policy and Practice, vol. 10, iss. 4, p. 432–445. ISSN 1752-4512.
ČĖSNIENĖ, Ilona; ČĖSNA, Rytis (2006). Asmens persekiojimas: teisinės ir psichologinės problemos. Jurisprudencija, Nr. 11(89), p. 27–33. ISSN 1392-6195.
De FAZIO, Laura (2011). Criminalization of stalking in Italy: One of the last among the current European member states’ anti-stalking laws. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, vol. 29(2), p. 317–323.
HIRTENLEHNER, Helmut; STARZER, Barbara; WEBER, Christoph (2012). A differential phenomenology of stalking: Using latent class analysis to identify different types of stalking victimization. International Review of Victimology, vol. 18(3), p. 207–227. ISSN 02697580.
Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [interaktyvus]. Lietuvių kalbos institutas. Prieiga per internetą: <http://www.lkz.lt> [žiūrėta 2018 m. gegužės 30 d.].
MICHAILOVIČ, Ilona (2007). Viktimologijos raida ir perspektyvos. Vilnius: Teisinės informacijos centras. ISBN 978-9955-30-016-8.
MODENA GROUP ON STALKING (2007). Protecting women from the new crime of stalking: A comparison of legislative approaches within the European Union. DAPHNE PROJECT 05-1/125/W. Modena: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.
OSICA, Natalia (2009). Stalking w Polsce? Niebieska Linia, 1. Prieiga per internetą: <http://www.niebieskalinia.pl/pismo/wydania/dostepne-artykuly/4991-stalking-w-polsce>.
SIEMASZKO, Andrzej; GRUSZCZYŃSKA, Beata; MARCZEWSKI, Marek; OSTASZEWSKI, Paweł; WOŹNIAKOWSKA-FAJST, Dagmara (2010). Stalking w Polsce. Rozmiary – formy – skutki. Raport z badania nt. uporczywego nękania. Archiwum Kryminologii, vol. 32. ISSN 0066-6890.
VAN DER AA, Suzan (2017). New trends in the criminalization of stalking in the EU Member States. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, p. 1–19. ISSN 0928-1371.
VAN DER AA, Suzan; RÖMKENS, Renée (2013). The state of the art in stalking legislation: Reflections on European developments. European Criminal Law Review, vol. 3(2), p. 232–256. Prieiga per internetą: <https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/1573109/The_state_of_the_art_in_stalking_legislation_final.pdf>.
VAN DER AA, Suzan (2012). Stalking as a form of (domestic) violence against women: two of a kind? Rassegna Italiana di Criminologia, vol. 3, p. 174–187. ISSN 2240-8053.
WOŹNIAKOWSKA-FAJST, Dagmara (2017). Ofiary uporczywego nękania (stalkingu) – charakterystyka oraz skutki pokrzywdzenia. In L. Mazowiecka, W. Klaus, A. Tarwacka (red. nauk.). Z problematyki wiktymologii. Księga dedykowana Profesor Ewie Bieńkowskiej. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer, s. 229–239. ISBN 978-83-8107-421-6.
Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamasis kodeksas. Valstybės žinios, 2000, Nr. 89-2741.
Lietuvos Respublikos apsaugos nuo smurto artimoje aplinkoje įstatymas. Valstybės žinios, 2011, Nr. 72-3475.
Jungtinių Tautų konvencija dėl visų formų diskriminacijos panaikinimo moterims (CEDAW), ratifikuota Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo 1995 m. rugsėjo 10 d. nutarimu Nr. I-1035. Valstybės žinios, 1996, Nr. 21-549.
Europos Tarybos konvencija dėl smurto prieš moteris ir smurto artimoje aplinkoje panaikinimo (Stambulo konvencija) (2011). Prieiga per internetą: <https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168046031c>.
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2014). Violence against women: an EU-wide survey. Prieiga per internetą: <http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2014/violence-against-women-eu-wide-survey-main-results-report>.
Informatikos ir ryšių departamento prie Lietuvos Respublikos vidaus reikalų ministerijos duomenys apie nusikalstamas veikas, padarytas Lietuvos Respublikoje (Forma_1G, Forma_2Ž-APSK). Prieiga per internetą: <https://www.ird.lt/lt/>.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.