The most important event in the educational revolution that happened at the beginning of the XX c. was probably the spreading of coeducation, a fact that makes our present schools radically different from traditional ones: boys and girls are educated together, their curricula are the same and so are the diplomas that sanction their achievements at school. The article analyses the question of coeducation and single-sex education, which is raised anew nowadays as a field of theoretical research. We analyse scientific articles and pick out the main themes of the discussion on coeducation vs. single-sex education in the contemporary discourse. The aim of the article is to define the field of educational research on coeducation and single-sex education. The goals of the research that we point out reflect the main questions which are raised nowadays about coeducation:
1. Analyse the appearance of coeducation with its historical context and causes.
2. Compare the goals of coeducational and single-sex schools, their curriculum and environment.
3. Reveal the links between the results of education, the methods applied and the sex of the students.
Coeducation in the educational system followed the process of the schooling of girls that started already in the XVIII c. It was influenced by a new understanding of the necessity of instruction for women, even if they do not participate in public affairs, and by the growing understanding of “education for all” in the upper spheres of society as well as among the poor. At the beginning of the XX c., as the first coeducational schools were opened, the supporters of coeducation based their arguments on economical and ideological grounds, and also on the similarity of coeducation to education in the family context. Sometimes, however, single-sex education is the only possibility and can even be understood as promoting women’s emancipation. The transition from single-sex to coeducational schooling brought about changes in the curricula; it also changed the profile of the educational community and school environment. In present day educational organisation, if the school tries to attend to the needs of individual students, the suggestion would be to form flexible groups, if needs be according to their sex, if ever that helps to better adapt didactical methods and curricula, while maintaining the principle of equal opportunities and facilities.