Protoide. šaknis *leh3u – „lietis, tekėti...“ baltų kalbose (liet. liūtìs ir lietùs)
Articles
Simas Karaliūnas
Institute of the Lithuanian Language image/svg+xml
Published 2026-01-28
https://doi.org/10.15388/baltistica.27.1.193
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Keywords

liūtis
lietus
baltų kalbos
etimologija

How to Cite

Karaliūnas, S. (tran.) (2026) “Protoide. šaknis *leh3u – „lietis, tekėti. “ baltų kalbose (liet. liūtìs ir lietùs)”, Baltistica, 27(1), pp. 35–42. doi:10.15388/baltistica.27.1.193.

Abstract

The relationship of Lith. liū́tis/liūtìs “heavy shower, downpour” and lietùs “rain”, as has been suggested by P. Skardžius, may be understood only in the Protoindoeuropean prospect. Hit. lahui “it flows, streams, pours...”, Gr. λoύει “he bathes, washes” and Lat. lavit “id.” seem to have the apophonic and their protoform should be reconstructed as *leh3-e/o, as proposed by F. Bader. Its root vocalism e is attested in Mycenaean Gr. re-wo-te-re-jo and Lith. liaũkti (-ia) “flow, stream” <* leu(k)-. Lith. liū́tis/liūtìs with suffix -ti- rests on the allomorph *lh3u- of this protoIE. root, attested, for instance, in Hit. li-lhuu̯ai- , le-lhuu̯ai- and possibly in Lat. perfect lāvī, if from *lh3u-ai. A verbal form * (a)pa-lh3u- [cf. Lat. ab-luō, Gr. άπο-λούω, Hit. appa(n) lahhu-] might have served as a basis for derivatives Lith. pa-liū́tis, pa-liū́tė “long and heavy rain, a period of rains”. The palatalized l'< *li̯ of liū́tis, pa-liū́tis and pa-liū́tė attaches to the vocalism form * leh3u ->* leu(k)-> *liau(k)-.

With respect to their prefixal derivation the lake name Lith. At-lavas and Lat. ab-luvium, dī-luvium etc. “effusion, overflow, inundation, deluge” may be also compared and their root morpheme *-loui̯o- with the lake name Lith. Laujà identified. Due to structural analogy (:* leh3-u -) there might have existed a parallel form leh3-i- conserved in Lith. líeti (praes. leja, lẽja, praet. líejo, lė́jo) ”pour“ and Latv. liêt (praes. leju, praet. lju) “id.”, from which Lith. lietús “rain”, Latv. litus “id.” are derived with suffix -tu-.

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