Short Version of the Personality Functioning Levels Questionnaire 12–18 (LoPF-Q 12–18 Short) in Lithuanian: Psychometric Properties in a Sample of Adolescents
Articles
Bernardas Liukaitis
Vilnius University image/svg+xml
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3186-6997
Aurėja Žilionytė
VšĮ Karoliniškių poliklinika
Kirstin Goth
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-4787
Rasa Barkauskienė
Vilnius University image/svg+xml
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-2481
Published 2026-04-29
https://doi.org/10.15388/Psichol.2026.75.7
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Keywords

dimensional model of personality disorder
level of personality functioning assessment
adolescence
bifactor model

How to Cite

Liukaitis, B., Žilionytė, A., Goth, K., & Barkauskienė, R. (2026). Short Version of the Personality Functioning Levels Questionnaire 12–18 (LoPF-Q 12–18 Short) in Lithuanian: Psychometric Properties in a Sample of Adolescents. Psichologija, 75, 115-136. https://doi.org/10.15388/Psichol.2026.75.7

Abstract

The new concept of personality disorder presents a dimensional model in which the construct of personality functioning level becomes the most important feature of personality pathology. Since personality functioning impairments can already be observed in adolescence, it becomes particularly important to assess them by using reliable and valid instruments. This article examines the factor structure, convergent and discriminant validity, and clinical utility of the short version of the LoPF-Q 12–18 questionnaire (LoPF-Q 12-18 Short) in Lithuanian. The study sample consisted of 456 adolescents aged 11 to 18 years from the general population (N = 370; M = 14.58; SD = 1.56; 64.86% girls) and clinical (adolescents receiving mental health services; N = 86; M = 15.05; SD = 1.36; 81.40% girls). The results reveal that the factor structure of the LoPF-Q 12–18 Short questionnaire is best explained by a bifactorial model consisting of a general factor of the Level Personality Functioning (LPF) factor and four specific factors (Identity, Self-determination, Empathy, and Closeness) reflecting the structural elements of LPF. Although the LoPF-Q 12–18 Short questionnaire allows for the detection of a multifaceted structure of the personality functioning level construct, the questionnaire is most reliable for assessing the general level of personality functioning. In addition, the study confirmed the convergent validity, partial discriminant validity, and preliminary clinical utility indicators of the Lithuanian version of the LoPF-Q 12–18 Short.

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